粘土地速生丰产林栽培技术研究初报

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CULTURAL TECHNIQUES FOR FAST-GROWING AND HIGH YIELD PLANTATION ON CLAYSOIL

采用四因素四水平的正交设计（Ｌ１６（４５）），研究了粘土地速生丰产林的栽培技术。３ａ的研究结果表明，７４１杨和抗虫榆比较适合在粘土地上生长；１３５４杨和中林１１５杨不适合在粘土地上生长，前者年均高生长率为后者的１６９．３％，年均胸高断面积生长率为后者的２６５．６％。粘土地的整地深度应达到５０～７０ｃｍ，这样可极显著提高造林成活率、保存率和生长量。如，树高和胞高断面积年均生长率为对照（３０ｃｍ）的１２５．１％～１８３．２％和１３６．３％～２１１．１３％。穴施２．５～５．０ｋｇ未腐熟的秸杆，虽然对成活率、保存串没有明显影响，但生长率分别为对照（不施秸秆）的１４４．３％～１２９．４％和１２８．６％～１４５．６％。粘土地旱作丰产林，如选择适宜树种和造林技术，其幼林阶段年均胸径生长率可接近或超过沙地有灌溉条件的丰产林，但树高生长率仅及沙地的４１．２％。

Cultural techniq ues for fast-growing and high yield plantation on clay soil werestudied for 3 years by using four factors and four levels orthogonal design（L16(45).Resultsdemonstrated that Populus and Ulums were adaptable to，while Popelus and Popelus notadaptable to the clay soil.The increments of height and of the section area at breast height infowner 2 species，were 169.3％ and 265.5％ of those in later 2 species respectively.The deepsoil preparation(50～70cm)significantly increased survival rate， preserval rate and thegrowth ofthe young plantation， for example，the annual increments ofthe tree height and thesection area at breast height for deep soil preparation were 125.1％～183.2％ and 136.3％～211.3 ％ of those for control(30cm deep)Pit application of half-fermented straw(2.5～5.0kg ／pit)increased the height growth and section area growth at breast height by 29.4％～44.3 ％ and 28.6％～45.6％，respectively，compared with control，aIthough no significant dif-ference was found in survival rate and preserval rate，Studies showed that the increment of di-ameter at breast height for the young plantation established on clay soil with right tree speciesand silvicultural measures could be comparable to or even better than on sand soil with irriga-tion. However，the height increment in the former was only 41.2％ ofthe later.