“黑麦草—水稻”草田轮作系统的研究 Ⅳ 冬种意大利黑麦草对后作水稻生长和产量的影响

A Study of an Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)—Rice(Oriza sativa) Rotation(IRR) System. Ⅳ Effects of Italian Ryegrass Winter Cropping in Paddy on Growth, Development and Yield of Subsequent Rice

为了探讨在水田冬种意大利黑麦草(IRG)对后作水稻生产的影响,在广东省龙门县和潮安县对种草(种草区)和未种草(对照区)水田土壤的理化性状以及早、晚稻的生长发育和产量进行了测试。结果表明,冬种IRG后水田土壤理化性状得到了改善,速效N、P和K的含量在种草区比对照区分别高11%、26%和57%,土壤微生物总量高38%,说明了IRG根系对土壤养分有某种活化作用。相应地,种草区早稻的稻谷产量比对照区高14%,晚稻则高7%。可见,"黑麦草—水稻"草田轮作(IRR)系统在生产大量优质青饲料的同时,还起到了绿肥改土的作用,为提高水田的生产力提供了有效途径。同时,IRR系统还为农业种植业和畜牧业之间提供了有机的结合点,从而启动连接土、草、粮、畜多个环节的生态农业系统。这一结果从生态效益的角度证明了IRR系统的可行性。

In order to clarify the effects of Italian ryegrass(IRG) winter cropping on the subsequent rice production, chemical and physical properties of soils, growth, developments and yields of rice in IRG winter cropped(IWC) and uncropped(control) paddies were investigated. There was an improvement of soil properties in IWC, and contents of readily N, P and K were 11%, 26% and 57% higher in IWC than these in control. It shows that the root system of IRG plays an important role for soil nutrient activation. Correspondingly, yields of early and late rice in IWC were 14% and 7% higher than those in control. Therefore, Italian ryegrass—rice rotation(IRR) system could result a soil improving effects as well as those do in green manure cropping system, while providing a high yield of green forage. The system also combines crop production with animal production, and it is expected that the system will start a sustainable agricultural system which joins elements of soil, crop, herbage and livestock together. The results above—mentioned further proved the feasibility of IRR system from an angle of ecological benefits of the system.