高原肺水肿动物模型的初步研究

Primary establishment of HAPE animal model

目的通过模拟高原环境,研究大鼠在复合缺氧寒冷运动时诱发高原肺水肿（high altitude pulmonary edema, HAPE）的可能性.方法利用低压氧舱减压大鼠,观察大鼠在复合缺氧寒冷运动条件下的肺血流动力学、肺组织病理形态学改变.结果在模拟高原海拔4 000 m、白昼10 ℃、夜间4 ℃、适度运动条件下,PaO2、SaO2、PaCO2均显著降低,24、48、72 h之间无显著差异;肺动脉压在72 h时显著升高,这与临床观察到HAPE通常在进入高原2～5 d发病相符.病理切片结果：缺氧寒冷运动组70.2%可见肺间质增厚、肿大,大量多核细胞,肺泡腔变小,肺泡腔内无液体渗出,呈间质性肺水肿改变,未见肺泡型肺水肿发生.结论可采用该实验模型复制间质性HAPE动物模型,而肺泡型HAPE有待进一步研究.

Objective To set up an animal model of high altitude pulmonary edema （HAPE） by putting SD rats in the condition simulating high altitude where is hypoxic and cold, in addition the SD rats are forced to swim. Methods SD rats were divided into normal control group and experiment group （SD rats were put into the stimulated 4 000-meter low pressure chamber; Temperature： 8：00 -20：00 10 ℃, 20：00 -8：00 4 ℃ ; Everyday the rats were forced to swim 6 times a day, once every 4 hours, each for 40 min）. The rat lung arterial pressure was observed and pulmonary tissue was collected for pathological examination at 24, 48, 72 h. Results PaO2, SaO2, PaCO2 in the experiment decreased significantly. Lung arterial pressure increased significantly at 72 h, consistent with the progression of clinical HAPE. About 70.2% rats in the experiment exhibited swollen and thicken pulmonary tissue, the smaller alveolar cavity, but no case of alveolar edema was found. Gonclusion The animal model of HAPE is successfully replicated, but the alveolar model of HAPE needs further study.