婴幼儿社会性和情绪发展的影响因素研究

Study on factors of 1-3 years old children's social-emotional development and affections

[目的]了解武汉市1-3岁幼儿社会性和情绪发展的影响因素。[方法]采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取武汉市江汉、桥口、汉阳、武昌、江岸5城区1-3岁幼儿520名作为调查对象。应用自拟“1-3岁幼儿社会人口学问卷”及“1 -3岁幼儿社会性和情绪发展评价量表”(美国)进行调查。原始调查表经核查整理后进行编码,用Foxpro 6．0建立数据库,然后用SAS 8．1进行逻辑检查及处理分析。[结果]各量表筛检出可疑阳性人数依次为外化量表112人,占总人数的21．5％;内化量表62人,占11．90％人;失调量表83人,占15．93％;反应能力量表111人,占21．31％,其中女童反应能力检出率(25．93％)高于男童(17．33％);母亲孕期精神状况对儿童的外化行为、内化行为和失调行为的影响经x2检验, 差异有显著性(P<0．05);父亲职业、父母文化程度和家庭结构不同的儿童外化量表评分的差异均有非常显著性(P均< 0．01);不同家庭收入水平的儿童反应能力量表评分的差异有显著性(P<0．05)。[结论]幼儿社会性和情绪发展受家庭环境和社会环境等众多因素的影响,应充分发挥父母在幼儿情绪发育上的积极作用,提高育儿者的自身素质;尽快制定一个适合我国幼儿社会性和情绪发展的评价量表,以促进幼儿身心的健康发展。

[Objective] To learn the factors of 1-3 years old children＇s social-emotional development and affections in Wuhan. [Methods] Using the method of randomized sampling to choose 520 of the 1-3 years old children in five areas of Wuhan as our studying sample then filling in the 《 Evaluation of .Social Emotion of Infants》（ITSEA measure table） and children＇s background questionnaires by these children＇s attendants in locale then analyzing these items by Foxpro 6.0 and SAS 8. 1. [Results] From the number of 520 children, suspicious children were sifted according to ITSEA measure table, including extroversion table 112（21.5% ）, introversion table 62（11.90%）, imbalance table 83（15.93%） and react ability table 111 （21.31%）. And the factors of young child social emotional development included child sex, mothers＇ cmotion and spirit during pregnant, parent education level, family structure, family incomes and the main attendants. [Conclusions] Children physiology, familial environment, social environment and many other factors all have impact on their social emotional development and affections. Attention should be paid to relevant work. Make a measuring table that is suit able for our country to evaluate young children＇s social emotional development to promote their health in both physical and psychological development.