1991～2004年浙江省常山县钩端螺旋体病流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of leptospirosis in Changshan County of Zhejiang Province from 1991 to 2004

目的了解常山县钩端螺旋体病的流行特征,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法对1991～2004年常山县钩体病的流行特征进行分析,采用病人和宿主动物病原学、血清学监测方法探索主要的流行菌群。结果1991～2004年常山县钩体病平均发病率为19.29/10万,以中青年农民为主,男性高于女性;7～9月为发病高峰,流行形式主要呈稻田型。病原学监测检出钩体菌株32株,以黄疸出血群为主,占59.38%(19/32)。血清学监测阳性率50.74%(171/337),以黄疸出血群和七日热群为主,分别占50.29%和30.41%。黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种,带菌率为4.32%,蛙、猪、牛等未检出带菌者。结论常山县钩端螺旋体的主要流行菌群为黄疸出血群和七日热群,主要宿主动物为黑线姬鼠,采用相应的菌苗接种为主导措施,可以有效控制该病的流行。

Objective The study was performed to understand the epidemic characteristic of leptospirosis in Changshan County, and so provide scientific evidence for formulation of relevant prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was applied to analysis on the epidemic characteristic of leptospirosis in Changshan County of Zhejiang Province from 1991 to 2004, and the main epidemic bacterial colonies were explored through aetiological and serological monitoring for patients and host animals. Results The average incidence rate of leptospirosis in Changshan County from 1991 to 2004 was 19.29/lakh, and the patients were mainly young and middle-aged farmers, with the male more than the female. The peak period of incidence was from July to September, and the epidemic stype was of field. The aetilogical monitoring detected 32 strains of leptospira, mainly L. icterohemorrhagic, which occupied 59.38% （19/32）. The positive rate of serological monitoring was 50.74% （171/337）, mainly L. icterohemorrhagic and L. hebdomadis, 50.29% and 30.41% repectively. Apodemus agrarius was the predominant rat for this, with a carrier rate of 4.32%, while for frog, pig and cattle, no carrier was found. Conclusion L. icterohemorrhagic and L. hebdomadis were the main epidemic bacterial colonies of leptospira in Changshan County, and the main host animal was apodemus agrarius. The prevalence of this disease may be effectively controlled by adopting corresponding vaccine inoculation as a primary measure.