人红细胞对糖类摄取的规律性研究

Regularity of Sugar-Uptake in Human Red Blood Cells

人红细胞冰冻干燥保存在临床应用中具有重要意义。一些糖类,特别是海藻糖,能提高一些低等生物或细胞对干燥环境的耐受性,但如何将糖类导入细胞内又是一个挑战。本研究探讨人红细胞对糖类摄取的规律性。于不同温度(4、25和37℃)、不同浓度(0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1mol/L)及不同培育时间(1、3、5、7、9小时)条件下检测了红细胞对海藻糖和葡萄糖的吸收率及游离血红蛋白量,并测定了红细胞变性指数。结果表明:随着温度的上升和细胞外糖浓度的增加,红细胞的糖吸收率也随之上升,细胞内的海藻糖和葡萄糖浓度分别可以达到30mmol/L和40mmol/L以上。但孵育时间对海藻糖和葡萄糖的吸收率影响不同,随着时间的延长,细胞内海藻糖浓度呈先升高而后降低的趋势,而葡萄糖吸收率则呈稳定上升的趋势。但是糖吸收过程对红细胞的游离血红蛋白和变形性产生不利的影响,尤其是海藻糖,这主要来源于渗透压伤害。结论:红细胞的糖吸收率与孵育温度、外源糖浓度和孵育时间的关系密切,而且在一定条件下的糖吸收效率也较高,但此过程对红细胞有一定的伤害,这可能会影响糖类在红细胞冰冻干燥保存研究中的应用前景。今后的研究工作应集中于如何处理细胞伤害和糖吸收效率的关系。

Lyophilization of human red blood cells has important significance in clinical application. Some sugars, especially trehalose, can be more tolerant of some organism or cells to dry environments, But, how to bring sugars into cells is a challenge. This study was aimed to investigate the regularity of sugar-uptake in human red blood cells. The absorption rate of trehalose and glucose in red blood cells, free hemoglobin level and erythrocyte deformation index were determined at different incubation temperature （4,25 and 37℃）, different sugar concentration （0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mol/L） and different incubation time （ 1,3,5,7 and 9 hours）. The results showed that with increase of temperature and extracellular sugar concentration, the uptake of sugar in red blood cells also increased, the intracellular trehalose and glucose concentrations were over 30 mmol/L and 40 mmol/L respectively. The effects of incubation time on uptake of trehalose and glucose were different. With prolonging of incubation time, the uptake of trehalose showed firstly increase and then decrease, however, the uptake of glucose showed a constant increase. But the loading process had sideeffect on free hemoglobin and maximum deformation index （MAXDI） of red blood cells, especially for trehalose, which mainly come from high osmotic pressure. It is concluded that the uptake of sugars in red blood cells is closely dependent on incubation temperature, extracellular sugar concentration and incubation time. In certain condition, the efficiency of sugar uptake is very high, but this process also damages red blood cells so as to affect the application of sugars in lyophi- lization of red blood cells. The research in the future should focus on how to deal with the relation between cell injury and uptake efficiency of sugar in red blood cells.