交通流动力学的理论、模型及应用

Theory models and application about traffic dynamics

通过对交通流参数的微分分析,建立了交通流的运动微分方程和欧拉方程.提出了物理意义明确、计算简便的交通压力和黏性阻力系数以及黏性阻力.沿程黏性阻力与车道长度、流量沿车流方向的变化率和沿程黏性阻力系数成正比;局部黏性阻力与源汇流量的负值和局部黏性阻力系数成正比.连续性方程和运动微分方程构成了交通流的动力学模型.采用特征线法,得到了能够应用于匝道连接点和混合交通流的参数之间关系的一般式.将关系式应用于匝道连接点,结果表明与美国道路通行能力手册(2000版)的经验公式一致.

Traffic momentum differential equation and Euler＇s equation are constructed by means of differential calculus. The traffic pressure, viscosity factor and viscosity resistance is proposed. Their physical significance is clear and can be easily to calculate. Section viscosity resistance is in proportion to the length of the section, flow grads along stream direction and section viscosity factor. Cross viscosity resistance is in proportion to the negative cross flow and cross viscosity factor. Continuum equation and momentum differential equation compose the traffic dynamics model. Solving the model by characteristic curve method, the general relationship between traffic parameters is established, that is used in the mixed traffic flow. Applying the relationship to the on-ramp junction and off-ramp junction, the results indicate that the model coincides with the empirical formulas about the ramp junctions in Highway Capacity Manual 2000 （USA）.