清康熙年间意大利传教士马国贤及避暑山庄铜版画

The Italian Missionary Matteo Ripa and the Copper Engravings of the Jehol Summer Mountain Retreat Produced in the Kangxi Period

传教士马国贤是清康熙年间中西文化交流中的重要人物,是中国园林西传的先驱人物。他曾在中国宫廷服务13年,将西方的铜版技术传入中国,为康熙皇帝制作了避暑山庄铜版画。后来,他把避署山庄铜版画带回欧洲,使中国园林的图像资料第一次进入欧洲并在欧洲传播,推动了欧洲特别是英国园林设计的革命。

The Jesuit missionary Matteo Ripa was a major figure in Sino-foreign cultural exchange during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty and he was one of the pioneers in the introduction of Chinese landscape gardening concepts to the West. He served at the Chinese imperial court for 13 years, during which time he introduced Western copper engraving technology to China and prepared a set of engravings of the Jehol Summer Mountain Retreat (Bishu-shanzhuang) for the Kangxi Emperor and later took these back to China. Later he took this set of engravings with him back to Europe, where they became the first visual record of Chinese landscape gardening and promoted a revolution in European garden design, especially in England.