关节镜下自体骨软骨移植修复软骨缺损

AUTOLOGOUS OSTEOCHONDRAL TRANSPLANATION UNDER ARTHROSCOPE TO TREAT CARTILAGE DEFECT

目的探讨在关节镜监视下,非负重区自体骨软骨移植修复负重区软骨缺损的可行性、效果及并发症。方法2000年8月～2003年8月,对25例软骨缺损患者采用镶嵌式骨软骨移植技术,在关节镜下行相同关节内非负重区自体骨软骨移植修复软骨缺损,作为移植组,定期随访,观察患者症状缓解及软骨愈合情况。同时回顾性分析25例剥脱性骨软骨炎患者,行局部刨削、钻孔减压后症状缓解情况及软骨缺损自行修复情况,作为对照组。两组患者术前Brittberg-Peterson功能评分分别为98.65±9.87、96.98±8.94分。术后1年行膝关节MRI检查评价疗效。结果术后获随访3～24个月。移植组患者膝关节活动良好,疼痛基本消失,术后1年复查MRI示原软骨缺损区软骨表面光滑,移植物位置良好;术后2周Brittberg-Peterson功能评分,其中22例评分为0分,3例因活动后轻微疼痛评分为4分;术后3个月,24例评分为0分,1例评分为3分。对照组术后2周Brittberg-Peterson功能评分为24.63±10.51分,同时诉感觉良好;术后3个月,评分为58.48±6.98分。各组手术前后及组间Brittberg-Peterson功能评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论关节镜下自体骨软骨移植术后效果良好,创伤小,且能避免异体移植产生的排斥反应及疾病传播,是修复软骨缺损的较好方式。但长期疗效仍需进一步探讨。传统的关节内刨削、钻孔减压,对缓解症状也有一定效果。

Objective To explore the methods of repairing cartilage defects and to introduce the clinical experience with the autologous osteochondral transplantation. Methods Twenty-five patients with chondral and osteochondral defects of the weight-bearing surfaces were treated by the autologous osteochondral transplantation for the repair of the chondral and osteochondral defects of the unweight-bearing surfaces under arthroscope. According to the shape of the defects, the different dimensions of the osteochondral autograft were selected. All the patients began the training of the continuous passive motion after operation. Six weeks after operation, the patients began to walk in the weight-bearing habitus. However, in the control group, another 25 patients were retrospectively analyzed, who had chondral and osteochondral defects of the weight-bearing surfaces but were treated only by the cleaning and drilling procedures. The scores evaluated by the Brittberg-Peterson scoring scale of the 2 group were 98.65±9.87 and 96.98± 8. 94 respectively. Results The follow-up for 3-24 months after operation revealed that the treated knee joint had a good motion extent. The pain was obviously alleviated. Based on the longitudinal study with the three-dimensional spoiled magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, the signal intensity of the repaired tissues approached to the normal condition. The scores evaluated by the Brittberg-Peterson scoring scale were almost zero 3 months after operation in the experimental group, and the scores were 58. 48±6.98 in the control group. There were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group（P〈0.01）. Conclusion Autologous osteochondral transplanation under arthroscope is a good curative method for the cartilage defects, with advantages of minimal invasiveness and avoidance of rejections resulting from allografts. However, its long-term effect needs to be further studied. The conventional therapies including cleaning and drilling are useful in alleviating the symptoms.