全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良

TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR TREATMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗因髋臼发育不良(developmentaldysplasiaofthehip,DDH)致髋关节骨性关节炎的手术方法。方法1986年2月～2004年11月,对24例因DDH致髋关节骨性关节炎患者行全髋关节置换术。其中男4例,女20例。年龄33～59岁,平均47岁。双侧8例,单侧16例。主要症状为疼痛及跛行。根据Hartofilakidis分类方法,半脱位2髋,低位脱位21髋,高位脱位9髋,术前Harris评分分别为56.70±2.75、36.09±4.16及29.45±2.16分。结果术后均获随访6个月～8年,平均3年4个月。半脱位、低位脱位及高位脱位患者术后Harris评分分别为93.10±2.10、92.73±3.20及88.09±3.67分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后6侧下肢轻度跛行,均无疼痛,可以长距离行走。X线片示人工髋关节位置佳,无明显松动及下沉。结论加深髋臼、内移髋关节活动中心及改进植骨方法,是增加人工臼稳定性手术成功的关键。

Objective To summarize the techniques of the total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip joint （DDH）. Methods Between February 1986 and November 2004, a total of 32 hips in 24 patients with advanced osteoarthritis secondary to DDH underwent the total hip arthroplasty. Among the patients, 4 were male and 20 were female, with their ages ranging from 33 to 59 years and an average age of 47 years. The bilateral arthroplasty was performed in 8 patients and the unilateral arthroplasty in 16 patients. The patients mainly suffered from pain and claudication. According to the Hartofilakidis classification, semidislocation occurred in 2 hips, low-dislocation in 21 hips, and high-dislocation in 9 hips; and the Harris scores before operation were 56.70±2.75, 36.09±4.16, and 29.45±2.16, respectively. Results All the patients were followed up for 6 months to 8 years （averaged 3 years and 4 months）. The Harris scores after operation were 93.10±2.10,92.7± 3.20,and 88. 09 ± 3.67, respectively. The differences between peroperation and postoperation were significant （P〈 0. 01）. All the patients were pain-free and there was no sign of aseptic loosening and subsidence. Conclusion The total hip arthroplasty is an effective method for the treatment of osteoarthritis secondary to DDH. The key techniques for the total hip arthroplasty are as follows： deepening the medial wail of the acetabulum, improving the techniques of the bone graft, and firmly placing the acetabular component in the true acetabulum.