离岸外包对中国出口结构的影响

The Effect of Offshore Outsourcing on China's Export Structure

通过构建离岸外包指数,对1997-2002年中国各产业参与离岸外包的状况及其对出口结构的影响进行研究表明:在参与外包的程度上,中国资本密集型产业高于劳动密集型产业,发达国家倾向于把资本密集型产品生产过程中的劳动密集型工序转移到中国,使我国资本密集型产品出口占总出口的比例逐年上升,而劳动密集型产品和资源密集型产品的出口比重则有所下降。此外,通过实证分析得出,比较优势和规模经济是离岸外包的基础,产业的劳动密集程度和劳动生产率等指标对离岸外包指数有一定的影响。这些因素通过离岸外包方式影响着中国的出口结构。

By constructing an offshore outsourcing index and analyzing the outsourcing status in different industries as well as their effects on the export structure in China during 1997 - 2002, this paper indicates that capital - intensive industries in China accept more offshore outsourcing than labor - intensive industries, that developed countries incline to transfer the labour- intensive part in capital- intensive production to China, which makes China＇s capital- intensive products export increase steadily, while labor- intensive or resource - intensive products export is the reverse. The paper also makes an empirical study to the influential factors in China＇s offshore outsourcing receiving, of which the result proves that relative advantage and scaled economy are the important elements, whereas labor intensity and working efficiency also have impacts on outsourcing. All of these factors influence China＇s industry and export structure.