儒家诗、乐观念异同论

Identical or Different: The Confucianist Idea on Poetry and Music

诗、乐如形影不离,是早期歌诗的基本特征。缘乎此,学界往往认为,儒家的诗、乐观念是完全一致的。实际上,这种认识本身既不准确,也由此导致了对后代相关文学观念理解的偏颇。儒家把教化看作文学艺术的终极目的,在这一点上,他们对诗、乐的观念固然相同;但是儒家对诗、乐的各自地位以及由此而来的对诗、乐的具体要求,却不完全相同。概而言之,乐具有与礼同等崇高的正统教化地位,而诗的地位则不在同一层次。因此,乐必须雅正,而诗则可以姿彩丰富。

Since a basic feature of early poetry is its close relationship with music, scholars usually hold that Confucianist ideas on poetry and music are fttlly identical without distinction for each other. This causes a misunderstanding for the concept of literature however. Confucianism sees teaching as the ultimate purpose of literature and art, and its identical conceit with poetry and music is valid only on this limit. To the specific levels, the Confucianist ideas on poetry and music are both identical and different. In the background of Pre - Qin and Han dynasties, this paper is going to discuss the question mentioned above through ＂Preface Major to Mao Poetry＂ and Book of Music.