3种抗病毒药对家兔骨髓细胞抑制的比较

The comparison of the inhibition of three antiviral drugs to the bone marrow cells in rabbit

目的:评价利巴韦林、更昔洛韦及单磷酸阿糖腺苷3种常用抗病毒药对骨髓细胞的抑制以及停药后恢复情况。方法:将家兔随机分成正常对照(D组)及A、B、C3个实验组,分别给予注射生理盐水、利巴韦林、更昔洛韦及单磷酸阿糖腺苷耳静脉推注,qd,连续注射14d停药。停药1d和8d进行骨髓细胞定量分析,并对照外周血网织红细胞(Ret)计数。结果:A、B、C3组停药1d的骨髓巨核细胞明显低于D组(P<0.01),骨髓有核细胞总量也均低于D组,其减少程度依次C>A>B>D组,停药8d的骨髓有核细胞均能恢复到D组水平,但巨核细胞恢复缓慢。同期A组停药1d的Ret较D组明显升高(P<0.01),停药1d和8d的B组Ret变化较小,C组抑制率较高。结论:C组骨髓细胞抑制较明显,B组较轻,A组介于两者之间且伴有较明显的贫血;Ret计数不能完全替代骨髓细胞定量分析。

OBJECTIVE To estimate the influence of ribavirin,ganciclovir and vidarabine on bone marrow cells as well as the situation to restore after stopping drugs. METHODS Rabbits were randomized into four groups. The three test groups were respectively given with ribavirin（group A）,ganciclovir （group B） and vidarabine （group C） and the control group （group D） was given with the saline solution for 14 days by the ear iv injection. The bone marrow cells （ megakaryocyte and other nucleated cells ） were counted on the 1st and 8th day after stopped injecting drugs and were compared with the count of peripheral blood reticulocyte （Ret） . RESULTS After stopping drugs the counts of the megakaryocyte and other nucleated cells of the three test groups decreased obviously on the 1 st day and the counts of other nucleated cells and Ret （except group A ） all recovered to the level of group D on the 8^th day,but the counts of the megakaryocyte did not recover. The Ret counts of the three test groups compared with group D on the 1 st day appeared different changes：group A increased obviously,group B changed steadily and of group C decreased obviously. CONCLUSION The inhibition of the bone marrow cells was more obviously in group C and slighthy in group B. Group A was associated with hemolytic anemia. The count of Ret can not substitute the quantitative analysis of bone marrow cells.