新中国成立之初中英建交谈判中的中方决策因素

Decision-making Factors on the Part of China during the Sino-British Talks on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relation in the Early Years of New China

1950年1月,英国在西方国家中率先承认新中国。对于中英建交问题,中方决策层在“一边倒”外交战略的前提下,采取了“不急于建交”的方针,并决定“先谈判后建交”。中英建交谈判是新中国第一次与西方大国进行有关两国关系方面的谈判。与此同时,中苏之间还在进行着缔结新约的谈判。在两条线索相互交织的情况下,中方决策层将中苏谈判放在了首要位置。对于新中国领导人来说,中国外交的首要目标是争取更坚定的盟友还是获得更广泛的承认,毛泽东等人选择了前者。

Britain took the lead in the West to recognize New China in January 1950. Guided by the diplomatic strategy of ＂Ieaning to one side＂, the Chinese decision makers adopted, with regard to the question of diplomatic relations between the two countries, the principle ＂not to establish diplomatic relations with Britain eagerly＂ and decided to hold talks before the establishment of diplomatic relations. Diplomatic talks with Britain were the first negotiations between China and Western powers on bilateral relations. Meanwhile, the Sino - Soviet talks were under way on the signing of a new treaty between the two countries. Under the intertwining conditions the top Chinese hierarchy of leadership gave the first priority to the talks between China and the Soviet Union. The Chinese leadership was confronted with the question of whether to have staunch allies or acquire broad recognition in the first place and Man Zedong and other Chinese leaders chose the former.