镉作业工人尿中镉和β_2-微球蛋白及视黄醇蛋白的调查

Investigation of urinary cadminum, urinary β_2-microglobulin and retimal protein of the workers exposed to cadmium

目的探讨职业性镉接触者的尿中镉、β2-微球蛋白和视黄醇蛋白含量的变化情况。方法选取某生产镍镉电池的电池厂职业接触镉作业的975名员工为接触组;没有接触有毒害因素且体检未见异常的员工885人为对照组;将体检中发现连续两次尿镉含量超过5μmol/mol肌酐的113人列为观察组。对接触组和对照组进行尿镉、尿β2-微球蛋白和尿视黄醇蛋白含量检测,对观察组连续两年进行尿镉含量检测。结果接触组尿镉含量明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0·01),且随着镉接触工龄的延长尿镉含量逐渐升高;同时不同性别之间的尿镉水平存在明显的差别,女性高于男性(P<0·01)。接触组尿β2-微球蛋白含量也高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05),但当工龄<3年时,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0·05);当工龄>5年时与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0·01)。结论镉接触可引起体内尿镉和尿β2-微球蛋白含量的升高,且随着镉接触工龄的延长而逐渐升高。

Objective To explore the impact of occupational exposure to cadmium on the contents of urinary cadmium, urinary - MG and retinal protein. Methods 975 workers exposed to cadmium in a factory manufacturing nicked and cadmium ceils were chosen as exposure group, 885 workers without exposed to poisonous and harmful factors were chosen as control group, 113 workers whose urinary cadmium content exceed 5μmol/mol creatinine in two physical examinations were chosen as observation group. The contents of urinary cadmium, urinary β2 - MG and retinal protein in the observation and control groups were determined. The content of urinary cadmium in the observation group was determined consecutively for two years. Results The content of urinary cadmium in the obseration group was higher than that of the controls, showing significant difference （ P 〈 0.01 ）, the content of urinary cadmium was increased along with the extending time of exposure to cadmium, and the content of cadmium in females was higher than that of males （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The content of urinary β2 - MG in the contact group with a working period of over five years was higher than that of the controls, also showing a significant difference （ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The contents of urinary cadmium and urinary - MG will increase along with the increase of years exposed to cadmium.