无偿献血者抗-HIV检测模式的分析

Evaluation of the positive results of anti-HIV in unpaid blood donors with the detective model

目的评价无偿献血者血液抗-HIV检测模式应用的效果。方法根据国家有关规定,用两种抗-HIV(1+2)ELISA试剂对每一份献血者标本进行初、复检,对阳性者送HIV确认实验室进行确认,并进一步评价单一试剂检测与双重试剂筛查检测的效果。结果在54591份无偿献血者标本中,国产试剂初筛163份阳性,经确认其中9份为真阳性,国产试剂的灵敏度、特异性分别为100·0%、99·72%;进口试剂初筛149份阳性,经确认其中9份为真阳性,进口试剂的灵敏度、特异性分别为100·0%、99·74%。单一试剂检测与两种试剂同时检测在灵敏度差异无显著性,在特异性单一试剂检测与两种试剂同时检测差异极显著性(P<0.01),单一试剂检测优于两种试剂同时检测。结论增加检测次数或选用进口试剂排除HIV感染意义有限,改进血液筛查手段实为提高血液安全性的首要途径。

Objective To understand the infectious status of HIV in unpaid blood donors and evaluate the results of detection model in screening donated blood. Methods ELISA reagents were used in initial, repeated detection of donated blood samples and the positive ones were sent to HIV laboratory for confirmation. The true positive value, false positive value, true negative value and false negative value of the samples detected were calculated. The results obtained with singular reagent was compared with that using double reagents. Results Out of the 5 491 samples 163 were initially screened as positives by using domestic made reagent and 9 were confirmed to be true positives with the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 99.72% ; 149 samples were initially screened as positives by using imported reagent and 9 were confirmed to be true positives with the sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 99.74%, It showed that the results of detection with single reagent was superior than that of double reagents. Conclusion The significance of increasing detection times or using imported reagent for detection of HIV infection is limited and to improve techniques for blood screening is the first way of choice.