中国特殊教育中的四个问题

Four Problems of Special Education in China

改革开放以来,我国的特殊教育获得了举世瞩目的发展,2004年残疾儿童的入学、在学人数是1978年的12倍;我国不仅有残疾儿童的幼儿园、义务教育学校和高等教育学校,还有大量的残疾儿童或残疾人在普通幼儿园、中小学和大学随班就读。但是,残疾儿童入学、在学的城乡差异和地区差异依然很大。这些成绩和差异与民间文化、执政水平、法律和教育管理措施密切相关,因此,要使我国的残疾儿童教育再上一层楼,就必须关注、研究、改进这四个问题。

Special education in China has achieved well-known development since the implementation of reform and opening policy. The number of students with disabilities in schools in 2004 is multiplied by 12 times as in 1978. They can learn not only in kindergartens, compulsory education schools and higher education schools for students with disabilities, but also in general kindergartens, primary and middle schools, and colleges. But there are still great specific differences between cities and rural areas, between the West and the East in terms of special students＇ enrollment and learning in schools. These differences are closely related to the local folk culture, the administration level of government, the law and measures of educational management. Therefore, those four problems should be focused on by further research and improvement in order to enhance quality of special education.