清中叶的人口增长与内蒙古西部的违禁开发

POPULATION GROWTH IN THE MIDDLE QING DYNASTY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNER MONGOLIA WEST BY VIOLATING THE BAN

康熙朝以后,由于内地人口激增、耕地不足等社会矛盾,内蒙古地区的流民呈现上升趋势。蒙古王公受利益驱动,把土地更多地租佃放垦,致使游牧地逐渐缩小,有碍蒙古生计。为遏止私垦的扩大,清廷加强了对封禁的管理力度,但流民潮与蒙地垦殖这两大社会问题始终无法解决。它的直接后果则是促使当地的农业以前所未有的规模发展起来。

There was an upward trend in refugees in Inner Mongolia due to sharp population growth in the interior of China and lack of farmland after the reign of Kangxi. Driven by the interests, the princes and dukes rented much more land for reclamation. As a result, the nomadic land shrank and the growth of production of Mongol was hampered. In order to contain the enlargement of private reclamation, the Qing government strengthened the administration of the ban. However, two social problems, the refugee trend and the reclamation of Inner Mongolian wasteland, had not been solved, yet the direct consequences of which was to promote the development of the local agriculture on an unprecedented scale.