论清代满蒙文大型“分类词典”的发展演变

ON THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FULL-LENGTH "CLASSIFIED DICTIONARIES" OF MANCHURIAN AND MONGOLIAN IN THE QING DYNASTY

康熙年间圣祖敕令编纂了满文单语种大型分类词典———《御制清文鉴》和满蒙合璧的《清文合蒙古鉴》等。至乾隆年间,高宗敕令在这些早期词典基础上扩充类目、修订借词、增加注音等,逐渐规范编成了标音词典———《御制增订清文鉴》。在此基础上编纂了《御制清文鉴补遗?抄》、《清文鉴择录》、《选录清文鉴要语》、《清文总汇》、《满汉文鉴》等满汉合璧的大型分类词典,之后合并满蒙合璧词典和满汉合璧标音词典等。编纂了《御制满洲蒙古汉字三合切音清文鉴》,其后又增加藏文、维文等编成了《四体合璧文鉴》、《御制四体清文鉴》、《御制五体清文鉴》等四、五体合璧词典。

Under the reign of Emperor Shengzu of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi ordered to compile the full-length classified dictionary of single Manchurian - Yu Zhi Qing Wen Jian and Qing We He Meng Gu Jian , in Machurian and Mongolian, etc. Under the reign of Quanlong, Emperor Gaozong ordered to enlarge categories, to revise borrowed vocabulary, and to increase phonetic notation, etc. based on the previous dictionaries. An enlarged edition of Yu Zhi Qing Wen Jian with phonetic notation was compiled normally. Yu Zhi Qing Wen Jian Bu Yi Hui Chao, Qing Wen Jian Zhai Lu, Xuan Lu Qing Wen Jian Yao Yu, Qing Wen Zong Hui, Man Han Wen Jian ,full-length classified dictionaries in Manchurian and Chinese, were compiled on this basis. Then the dictionary of Manchurian and Mongolian, or the dictionary of Manchurian and Chinese with phonetic notation, etc. came out. Yu Zhi Man Zhou Meng Gu Han Zi San He Qian Ying Qing Wen Jian was also compiled. And then Si Ti He Bi Wen Jian, Yu Zhi Si Ti Qing Wen Jian, Yu Zhi Wu Ti Qing Wen Jian were compiled by increasing the Tibetan language and the Uygur language.