我国棉花病害发生情况及防治进展

Cotton Diseases and Progresses of Their Control in China

棉花是我国最重要的经济作物。棉花病害遍布我国广大棉区，每年因病害损失皮棉约３６万吨，价７０亿元。苗病在南方棉区重于北方棉区，成株期主要是枯萎病和黄萎病，分布全国，年损失皮棉１０万吨以上；在多雨年份有些棉区铃病严重，病、烂铃率在５０％以上。近年推广种衣剂和苗病净等农药，提高了苗病防治效果，用抗病品种防治棉枯、黄萎病是重要措施。铃病防治则仍依赖农业技术措施。棉花病害综合治理（ＩＰＭ）把经济、生态、社会效益统一起来，提高了棉病防治层次，已在推行。但棉花抗黄萎病育种滞后；安全，高效、低毒农药开发尚待加强；植物生理保护体系的研究刚刚起步。所有这些都需大力加强。

Cotton diseases are broad distributed in all cotton growing areas in China,annual losses of lint cotton reached to 360 thousand tons by weight and more than 7 thousand million yuan cost.Seedling diseases are more serious in south China than they are in north China.Fusarium and Verticillium wilts get losses almost 100 thousand tons of lint cotton in whole nation.In the rainy year,ball rot may become seriously,more than 50% balls can be attacked.Seed coating formulations and Miaobingjing seed treating chemicals have been used recent years,with resistant cultivars for cotton wilt diseases together are of benefit for cotton diseases control.As to the prevention of ball rot,the main method based on agricultural techniques are still used. IPM of cotton diseases united,the economical,ecological and social benifites and promoted cotton diseases control.As regards the Verticillium wilt resistant breeding is still stay behined,a safe,high effective and low residual chemical is also to be expected,and studies on plant physiological protective system is only at starting.