脑信息状态对数字加工的影响

Effects of brain-information state on number processing

目的:比较不同脑信息状态对数字加工的影响。方法:于2004-10/2005-12选择视力或者矫正视力正常,听力正常,无听觉系统病史,右利手,无精神神经疾病史的在校大学本科和研究生24名作为有偿被试。被试置于屏蔽安静室内,头戴耳机给出听觉刺激,听觉刺激为双耳随机同时呈现女声汉语普通话数字壹,贰,叁,肆,陆,柒,捌,玖,每个刺激每次呈现300ms。距离被试双眼100cm处放置计算机显示器给出视觉刺激,视觉刺激为计算机屏幕中央呈现写有数字的黑底白字图片,数字分别为阿拉伯数字1,2,3,4,6,7,8和9及中文简写数字一、二、三、四、六、七、八和九(仿宋体加粗48号)。采用S1-S2模式。要求被试判断数字对(S1、S2)是否相同,并对S2数字做“与5相比”判断大小的任务。利用E-PRIME1.1软件编程并记录正确反应时和反应率。进行多因素重复测量方差分析。结果:将数据剔除极值,所有反应时小于300ms或大于1200ms的数据被剔除,剔除数据占全部数据的3.20%。①前后数字刺激对匹配状态下和非匹配状态下,被试反应正确率接近,差异无显著性意义[(98.97±0.011)%,(99.19±0.008)%,t(46)=-0.790,P=0.319];匹配状态下平均反应时低于非匹配状态下,差异有显著性意义[(739.90±16.24),(783.35±19.90)ms,t(46)=-2.042,P<0.05]。②在匹配状态下,阿拉伯数字、中文简写数字、听觉汉语普通话数字距离主效应显著,线性拟合主效应显著,反应正确率随数字距离增加而递增。在非匹配状态下,距离主效应显著,线性拟合主效应不显著,反应正确率不随数字距离增加而递增。③在匹配状态下,阿拉伯数字、中文简写数字、听觉汉语普通话数字距离主效应显著,线性拟合主效应显著,反应时随数字距离增加而递减。在非匹配状态下,距离主效应显著,线性拟合主效应不显著,反应时不随数字距离增加而递减。结论:在匹配状态下正确反应时均随数字距离的增加而缩短,存在数字距离主效应显著性,在非匹配状态下不存在数字距离主效应显著性。脑信息冲突状态会对数字加工产生影响,数字距离效应消失。

AIM： To compare the effects of different brain-information state on number processing. METHODS： Twenty-four post-graduates and undergraduates, who were fight handed, normal in selection vision or corrected vision and had neither diseases in auditory system nor histories of mental diseases from October 2004 to December 2005 were selected and paid. All the subjects were placed in an shielding and quiet room and given of auditory stimulus by wearing telephone headset. The auditory stimulus were randomized and presented a female voice of Chinese putonghua： one, two, three, four, six, sever, eight and nine, each of them presenting 300 ms. At 100 cm away from the testing eyes, there was a computer display unit, which sent out the visual stimulus, that is, pictures of white numbers on black ground presenting in the center of display, and the numbers were numbers of one, two, three, four, six, seven, eight and nine in Arabic and simplified eharaeters （thickened in song of 48 size）respectively. S1-S2 was adopted. Subjects were required to judge whether numbers of SI and S2 were the same, and whether they were greater than 5. The programming of software was conducted with E-PRIME1.1 and correct reaction time and rate were recorded. Multiple-factor repetitive measurement and analysis of variance were performed. RESULTS： The minimum and maximum were rejected, and the reaction time less than 300 ms or greater than 1 200 ms were excluded, which accounting for 3.20% of the data. ①Under matching state and non matching state of number stimulus, the correct rate in response of subjects were the same, and there were no significant differences[（98.97±0.011 ）%, （99.19±0.008）%,t （46）=-0.790,P=0.319]. The average reaction time was shorter under non-matching state than under matching state,and the differences were remarkable [（739.90±16.24）, （783.35±19.90）ms,t（46） =-2.042,P 〈 0.05]. ②Under matching state, the main effects and linear fitted main effects in distance of the Arabic numbers, Chinese simplified characters and numbers in auditory Chinese putonghua were significant, and the correct rate of reaction was enhanced with the increased numberdistance. Under non-matching state, the main effects were significant, while linear fitted main effects were not marked. The correct rate did not ascend with the enlargement of number distance.③Under matching state, the main effects and linear fitted main effects in distance of the Arabic numbers, Chinese simplified characters and numbers in auditory Chinese putonghua were significant, while the reaction time was prolonged with the increased number distance. Under non-matching state, the main effects were significant, while linear fitted main effects were not marked, and the reaction time was not prolonged with the increased number distance. CONCLUSION： Correct reaction time is shortened with the increased number distance under matching state, and there are significant main effects of number distance, while under non-matching state, there are no significant main effects of number distance. The conflicting state of brain information will affect the number processing, and cause the disappearance of number distance.