监狱警察焦虑情绪及其影响因素的调查

Anxiety and its influencing factors in prison policemen

目的:调查监狱内警察焦虑症状的现患率及其影响因素。方法:于2005-07在广东省三水市某女子监狱随机抽取450名警察。应用焦虑自评量表对监狱警察焦虑状态进行测评,以得分≥50视为有焦虑症状。应用艾森克个性问卷评定个性特征。A型行为问卷评定行为类型:竞争+敌意≥29分为A型、≤18分为B型、19～28分为M型。应用社会支持量表评定社会支持水平。应用症状自评量表评定过去一年内所遭遇的生活事件。有关因素调查包括性别、年龄、工作年限、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人口、健康自评、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠情况、工作生活满意感等。并采用逐步回归分析法分析监狱警察焦虑情绪的影响因素。结果:纳入450名监狱警察,共回收有效答卷450份,全部进入结果分析。①450名焦虑自评量表平均得分为(45.60±11.45)分,女性得分显著高于男性(t=7.78,P<0.01),焦虑症状现患率为30.89%,男女分别为2.28%和71.12%,女性显著高于男性(t=41.66,P<0.01)。②监狱警察的焦虑发生与年龄、工作年限、婚姻状况、性格、工作生活满意感、行为类型有关。焦虑自评量表得分与社会支持总分呈显著负相关(r=-0.3716,P<0.01),与负性生活事件分值呈显著正相关(r=0.3429,P<0.01)。③监狱警察焦虑影响因素的逐步回归分析结果:年龄小、工作年限短、社会支持状况较差、已婚、女性、性格内向、对工作生活不满意、A型行为者,发生焦虑的较多(R2=0.6043,F=77.11,P<0.0001)。结论:监狱警察的焦虑情绪比较常见。负性生活事件多、工作年限短、年龄小、社会支持少、已婚、女性、A型行为、内向性格及对工作生活有不满意等是影响焦虑情绪的主要因素。

AIM： To explore the prevalence rate of anxiety symptom and influencing factors in prison policemen. METHODS： Totally 450 prison policemen were selected from Sanshui Women＇s Prison in Guangdong Province in July 2005, and assessed with the self-rating anxiety scale （SAS, score≥50 points as anxiety symptom）. Eysenek Personality Questionnaire （EPQ） was applied to evaluate the personality characteristics of those policemen. Behavior type was detected with Type A Behavior Questionnaire： competition＋hostility≥29 points as type A;≤ 18 points as type B;19-28 points as type M. In addition, social support scale and symptom checklist were used to respectively assess the level of social support and life events occurred in the past year. Related factors inventory consisted of sex, age, working lifetime, educational level, marriage, family member, self-rating health, smoke, drink, sleep and satisfaction for work and llfe, etc, The influencing factors of anxiety in prison policemen were assayed with stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS： There were 450 prison policemen in the study, and 450 effective questionnaires were taken back then involved into the result analysis. ①The mean value of SAS was （45.60±11.45） score, and obviously higher in females than in males （t=7.78, P 〈 0.01）. The prevalence rate of anxiety symptom was 30.89% （2.28% in males and 71.12% in females）, and the percentage was also notably higher in females than in males （t=41.66, P 〈 0.01）.②The anxiety of prison policemen was related with age, working lifetime, marriage, personality, satisfaction of work and life as well as behavior type. Moreover, the score of SAS was negatively related with total score of social support scale （r=-0.371 6, P 〈 0.01）, but positively related with negative life events （r=-0.342 9, P 〈 0.01）.③Result of stepwise regression analysis： The main influencing factors contributing to anxiety were younger age, shorter working lifetime, poorer social support, being married, female, introvert personality, type A behavior and being unsatisfied with life and work （R2=0.604 3, F=77.11, P〈 0.000 1）. CONCLUSION： Anxiety emotion is common in prison policemen, with the main influencing factors of more negative life event, shorter working lifetime, younger age, poorer social support, being married, female, type A behavior, introvert personality and being unsatisfied with life and work.