外语院校大学生心理健康状况与社会支持的相关性及其性别差异

Relationship between mental health condition and social support in foreign language university students as well as differences between the sexes

目的:分析外语院校大学生心理健康状况与社会支持之间的关系。方法:于2005-11以西安外国语大学在校本科生为调查对象。其中男生47人,女生289人。采用症状自评量表、社会支持量表进行调查。①症状自评量表:包括90个项目,分为躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子和1个附加项目。评定方法采用无,轻度、中度、偏重、严重等5级得分标准,分别计为0,1,2,3,4分。②社会支持量表:共10个项目,包括主观支持、客观支持、对支持的利用度和社会支持总分4个因子,并根据大学生的实际情况,将量表中的“同事”改为“同学”,“配偶”改为“恋人”,去掉“儿女”这一项。结果:发放问卷640份,收回问卷568份,其中有效问卷336份,占收回问卷的59.15%。①在被试336名大学生中症状自评量表因子分≥2检出率为55.36%,因子分≥3的检出率为12.8%。②与全国大学生常模比较,外语院校大学生总体在症状自评量表各症状因子的均分和标准差除焦虑因子略高于全国大学生常模水平外,其他各因子得分均低于全国大学生常模(P<0.05或P<0.01);与全国成人常模比较,外语院校大学生总体在症状自评量表各症状因子上的均分与标准差相对较高,除躯体化因子与全国常模比较差异不明显外,其他因子与全国常模比较,均具显著性差异(P<0.01)。③外语院校男生症状自评量表的恐怖因子得分低于女生,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。④男生的社会支持总分、支持利用度略高于女生,主观支持分略低于女生,差异不显著(P>0.05),男生的客观支持分低于女生,差异显著(P<0.05)。⑤将受试的大学生按症状自评量表总均分<2、≥2分组,两组的社会支持各因子得分情况结果:总均分<2组的社会支持总分、支持利用度明显高于总均分≥2组,差异显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)。⑥外语院校学生社会支持与心理健康的相关性分析结果:社会支持总分及其各因子与症状自评量表各因子呈显著性负相关。结论:外语院校大学生心理健康总体水平偏低。社会支持与心理健康之间呈显著性负相关,良好的社会支和善于利用好社会支持有益于心理健康。

AIM： To analyze the relationship of mental health condition and social support in undergraduates of foreign language universities of China. METHODS： Undergraduate students in Xi ＇an International Studies Universitiy were randomly chosen as samples, including 47 males and 289 females in November 2005. They were investigated with Symptom Checklist- 90 （SCL-90）and Social Support Rating Scale. ① SCL-90：90 items, including 9 factors, namely, somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psyehoticism, and one extra item. Five degrees of evaluation was adopted, none, mild,, moderate, severe and extreme, and were correspondingly marked as 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 points. ②Social Support Rating Scale, 10 items, including 4 factors： subjective support, objective support, utilization degree and social support. Based on the real situation of the undergraduates, ＂colleague＂ was replaced by ＂classmate＂ ＂spouse＂ was replaced by ＂lover＂ and ＂children＂ was deleted. RESULTS： Totally 640 questionnaires were delivered, 568 were collected, among ＂which, 336, counting for 59.15% were valid.① Among 336 undergraduates, the rate of SCL-90 factor score ≥ 2 were 55.36%, and the rate of factor score ≥3 were 12.8%. ② Compared with the undergraduate students mode, the scores of foreign language students were slightly higher in anxiety level, were lower in other factors of SCL-90 （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. Compared with the adult mode, the mean score and standard deviation of each symptom factor of SCL-90 were relatively higher. There were significant differences in other factors except somatization compared with national mode （P 〈 0.01）. ③The score of male students in foreign language universities was remarkably lower than that of females, and the difference was significant （P 〈 0.05）in phobic anxiety. ④ The social support and utilization degree of male students were slightly higher than those of females, and the score of subjective support was slightly lower than that of females. The difference was insignificant （P 〉 0.05 ）, The score of objective support of males was markedly lower than that of females, and the difference was significant （P 〈 0.05）. ⑤The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the 〈 2, ≥2 scores of SCL-90, the results showed that the score lower than 2 in SCL-90 were markedly higher than the score equals to and higher than 2 in social support scores and support utilazationl degree （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）, ⑥The correlative analysis of social support and mental health condition showed the score of social support and other factors with each factor of SCL-90 had a remarkably negative correlation. CONCLUSION： The whole level of the psychological health of undergraduate students is low in foreign language universities of China. Social support is negatively related to mental health; a good social support and utilizing social support are beneficial to students＇ mental health.