霸王繁殖特性的研究

The Research of the breeding characters of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum

霸王Zygophyllum xanthoxylum为强旱生小灌木，是干旱荒漠区草地上的主要植物种，能形成稳定的霸王群落。霸王先开花后长叶，4月中旬产生花蕾，下旬开花，6月下旬籽粒成熟，种子发芽率为90％；在干旱荒漠区有苗成活后生长快，不易死亡，株丛寿命20年以上。霸王生长3～4年后进入壮龄期，开始大量结实。植株枝条被沙埋后，可从基部萌发新生枝条，并产生不定根。75％的根主要集中在40cm土层内，霸王根向下到达土层，土壤储水被利用后，难以补偿时，根又向地表方向生长，这一研究结果证实强旱生霸王主要靠吸取地表水生存。霸王根系的这些优良特性，给它自身创造了良好的水分生态环境，因而构成了其抗旱、耐寒、耐贫瘠、适应性强、速生、高产的特性。霸王营养价值高，粗蛋白含量10．49％～12．68％，家畜喜食，是一种值得在干旱荒漠区推广种植的小灌木。

Zygophyllum xanthoxylum is a kind of shrub which has the strong ability of combating drought. It is the main species at the grassland in the arid desert and it can become a stable community. Z. xanthoxylum flowers first, then grows leaf. It buds in the middle ten days of April, blossoms in the last-ten days of April and seeds mature in the last-ten days of June. The budding rate is 90%. In drought areas, the seedling grows fast and it doesn＇t easily die. The plant＇s life span is more than 20 years. When Z. xanthoxylum grows 3 or 4 years it is able-bodied period and begins seeding more. The branches can sprout new buds at the basal part after being covered with sand, and still produce some indefinite roots. 75% roots mainly centralize at the 0-40 cm soil. When the roots of Z. xanthoxylum grow downwards and arrive at the soil layer where water was used out, the roots grow upwards. This research shows Z. xanthoxylum mostly depends on assimilating surface water to survive. These excellent characteristics of Z. xanthoxylum create good ecological environment of water, so it can resist drought and cold; can stand poor soil; has better adaptability; grows fast. It has plenty of nutrition （the content of coarse protein is from 10. 49% to 12.68% ）,and the livestock likes eating it. Therefore, it is a kind of small shrub that deserves extending and planting.