试析合同相对性原则例外的标准

Try analysing the standard of the relativity of the contract with exceptional principle

传统观点认为合同作为当事人之间合意的产物,其效力也只能及于当事人双方,但现代社会从过去注重对个人利益的保护日益转向对社会利益的保护,各国法律均开始承认合同对第三人的效力,但何种情况属于合同相对性原则的例外没有统一的标准,这一问题直接关系到第三人利益的保护,本文在分析各种有争议的情况以后,尝试为这一例外建立一个合理的标准。

The traditional view thinks that the contract, as the desirable result between the parties, can only extend to both parties too , but modem society pay more attention to the protection of the social interests than individual interests day by day, and the laws of many countries begin to acknowledge the contract effect to the third person. However, there is not a ratitional standard about which situations belong to the exception of the relativity of the contract . This question concerns the protection of third person＇ s interests. This text, after analysing various kinds of disputable situations, try to set up a rational standard for this exception.