内蒙古东部近54年气候变化对生态环境演变的影响

Effects of Climatic Changes in Eastern Inner Mongolia on Eco-environmental Evolution in Last 54 Years

利用4个代表站1951—2004年温度和降水资料,通过气候统计诊断分析方法,从气候要素变化趋势、基本气候状态特征以及生态环境演化趋势等方面,研究气候变化对生态环境演变的影响。结果表明:(1)近54年来东部区温度呈显著的升高态势。降水量波动性较大,总体上呈缓慢的增加趋势,但趋势不明显,属于气候自然波动的范围,而1998年至本世纪降水量呈下降趋势,并存在11年和22年的周期性变化。(2)无论是温度还是降水,目前都处于高的气候基本态和高气候变率时期,致使极端气候事件呈增加趋势。气候的变干、变暖以及变率的增大,加剧了内蒙古东部地区干旱化的程度。由此引起一系列生态环境问题,如湿地萎缩、草场退化等。(3)从示范区卫星遥感资料获悉,固定沙地面积的增加,说明科尔沁沙地沙漠化整体出现生态良性好转,但各类沙地图斑数的增加,表明在目前的气候条件下,沙地破碎化程度加剧,沙漠化局部有所恶化。

The effects of the climatic changes on eco-environmental evolution are studied by using of the temperature and precipitation data at 4 typical stations from 1951 to 2004. The results show that （1） For the recent 54 year, the temperature rises notably in eastern region. The precipitation fluctuation is great and takes on a large increase trend, but the trend is not notable and in the range of climatic fluctuation. The precipitation is decreases since 1998 and has periodicity change of 11-year and 22-year. （2） Either the temperature or the precipitation is in high climatic essential state and climatic variability period at present, so the extreme climatic events increase. The climate becomes dry and warm, and its variability increases to intensify the extent of drought damage in eastern Inner Mongolia. Therefore, a series of eco-environmental problems is caused. For example, the area of the wetland will reduce, the grassland will degenerate and so on. （3） The results from the satellite remote data of the demonstration region reveal that the increase of stationary sands area illustrates the whole Horqin Sands improves benignly in the ecological aspect. But the increase of all kinds of sands class shows that the extent of cracked sands intensifies and local desert worsens in the present climatic condition.