“国民性”话语的产生与消解——解读王国维的《红楼梦评论》

The Production and Disappearance of "the Nationality" Words —About Wang Guowei's Comments on Hong Lou Meng

我们纪念王国维的《红楼梦评论》发表一百周年,考察这篇有关国民性话语的早期文本,是为了显现国民性赖以呈现的特殊语境,以暴露它的混杂性、临时性和不确定性。从表面上看,王国维所提出的国人之精神是“世间的也,乐天的也”,是缺乏悲剧精神的,恰与西方文化构成对立的二元,而实际上他又通过对《红楼梦》及《窦娥冤》、《赵氏孤儿》这些可与世界悲剧相媲美的作品的充分肯定,在不经意中打破了这一中西二元对立的绝对论模式。

We commemorate the 100th anniversary of Wang Guowei's Comments on Hong Lou Meng published and inspect the early text related with the nationalistic words in order to show the especial linguistic environment and to reveal its miscellany, temporary and indefinability. Looking from the surface, Wang Guowei lacked tragedy spirit and formed a contrary duality with western culture. In fact, through making a full affirmation to these works such as Hong Lou Meng, Zhao Orphan, which can be compared with the famous world tragedies, Wang Guowei broke the absolutist modes of the contrary dualism unintentionally.