动物系统发育与分子系统学研究的理论基础及方法研究进展

The theoretical basis and the development of research methods of animal phylogeny and molecular systematics

介绍系统发育的概念及目标。分子系统学是研究系统发育的重要方法,其理论基础来源于系统学、分类学、比较生物化学、分子生物学和进化论,是基于分子水平上的比较建立分子进化树。目前构建分子系统树的方法有最大简约法、距离矩阵法、最大似然法3种,用于系统分析的计算机软件有多序列对位排列软件和系统演化与进化分析软件。

The concept and objective of phylogeny was introduced in this essay. Molecular systematics, theoretically origining from systematits, taxology, genetics, comparative biochemistry, molecular biology and evolutionism, is an important method to study phylogeny, which supports to build molecular tree on the basis of molecules. At present, the ways to build molecular tree are Maximum Parsimony Method, Distance-Matrix Methods and Maximum Likelihood. Computer softwares concerning systems analysis are including Multiple Sequence Alignment and Phylip, Puzzle, Paup, Meag, Dnastar, Treview, Clustalx, Clustalw, Linux and so on.