佛坪自然保护区食竹鸟兽种类的初步调查

Species of Birds and Mammals Feeding on Bamboo in Foping National Nature Reserve

1991～2004年采用检查死亡个体的胃或嗉囊内容物、新鲜粪便和在野外直接观察动物采食的3种方法,在陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区对食竹的鸟兽种类进行了初步调查.巴山木竹和秦岭箭竹是大熊猫采食的主要食物资源.除大熊猫外,采食这两种竹的鸟兽有38种,隶属6目14科,其中鸟类9种,兽类29种.大量采食、中等采食和少量采食竹类的物种分别为1种、5种和33种,所占比例分别为2.6%、12.8%和84.6%.39种鸟兽均采食竹笋,其中32种只采食竹笋.黑熊和野猪是食竹笋量比较大的大型兽类,羚牛、鬣羚和斑羚3种牛科动物全年都采食竹类,其中以羚牛对竹叶的采食量最大.这些食竹鸟兽一方面直接与大熊猫竞争食物资源,特别是竹笋,另外也会间接地影响大熊猫对竹类的利用.

Species of birds and mammals feeding on bamboo were accumulatively surveyed by checking contents of stomach or craw of dead animals, examining fresh dejection and direct observing on animals in Foping National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi, China, during 1991 - 2004. Total of 6 bamboo species occur in the study area, however, only two of them, Bashania fargesii and Fargesia qinlingensis, are as rich food items for the Giant Panda （Ailuropoda melanoleuca）. Beside panda, 38 species including 9 birds and 29 mammals were found feeding on the two bamboos, among of which, 32 species fed on bamboo shoot, the rest 6 species ate both of bamboo shoot and leaves. Black Bear （ Ursus thibetanus ） and Wild Pig （ Sus scrofa ） are the large mammals that fed on reasonable volume of bamboo shoot. Golden Takin （Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi ）, Serow （Capricornis sumatraertsis ） and Coral （Naemorhedus goral ） consumed quite volumes of bamboo leaves yearly, especial in spring, early summer and winter. The large mammals fed on bamboo could produce both direct and indirect influences on giant panda. They might directly compete for food resource especially in the food limited season, or they could interfere in the access of giant panda to their food by leaving feeding trace.