乳腺疾病的病种构成和峰值年龄比较分析

The constituents of breast diseases and an analysis preponderantage of discovery of each disease: an epidemiological study

目的探讨乳腺疾病病理资料中病种构成、发生率和年龄分布的结构特征。方法统计分析东北地区14所医院病理档案资料,0～69岁的患者按每10岁为一个年龄组,>70岁者为一个年龄组,按SPSS10.0软件的要求建立数据库,分别统计乳腺疾病种类,计算发生率,绘制疾病年龄曲线,作不同类型医院同种疾病组成和年龄分布曲线比较分析。结果共46种乳腺疾病35948例,常见疾病为纤维腺瘤、乳腺癌、腺病、男性乳腺发育、囊性增生病、副乳腺,分别占全部乳腺疾病的37.99%、21.49%、20.60%、4.54%、3.60%和2.80%,此6种乳腺疾病的患者数占全部46种乳腺病的91.02%。结论乳腺疾病的病例数与医院的规模呈正比;不同的疾病有各自的峰值年龄;各种疾病中肿瘤性疾病23167例,占全部病例数的64.45%,其中良性、交界性和恶性肿瘤分别占66.13%、0.13%和33.74%;良性肿瘤以纤维腺瘤多见,占89.14%,恶性肿瘤以乳腺癌多见,占98.82%,二者在各医院病理资料中的发生曲线几乎相同,均呈正态分布;不同地区相同类型的医院间,乳腺疾病发生的峰值年龄没有显著性差异;非肿瘤性疾病12781例,占全部病例数的35.55%;各医院病理资料中关于乳腺腺病和囊性增生病的发生曲线极不规则,缺乏可比性,提示各医院掌握的诊断分类标准存在原则差异,有必要在这方面进行深入研究。

Objective To study the epidemiology of breast diseases based on a vast amount of data collected from a number of hospitals. Methods The pathological data of breast diseases collected from 14 hospitals were statistically analyzed. Grouping was made according to the patients＇ age, i.e. every 10 years from 0 to 69 as a group, and the patients aged 70 and over as another group. A database was established using software SPSS （10. 0）. A statistical analysis was made on the types of breast diseases, the incidence was calculated, and curves were plotted up based on the types of disease and the contribution of patients＇ age in different hospitals, Results A total of 35948 eases, including 46 diseases of breast diseases, were analyzed. The common diseases were fibroadenoma, carcinoma, adenosis, hyperplasia of male breast, cystic hyperplasia and accessory-breast, which made up 37. 99%, 21.49%, 20. 60%, 4. 54%, 3. 60% and 2. 80%, respectively, of the total eases analyzed. Conclusion The number of patients suffering from breast diseases is proportional to the size of the hospital. It has been found that different pathology of the breast had its peak preponderant age of discovery. In all the eases analyzed, tumors were found in 23 167 eases, accounting for 64. 45% of all patients, among which benign and malignant lesions constituted 66. 13% and 33. 74%, respectively. Fibroadenoma was the predominant tumor among benign tumors （89. 14%）, while the breast cancer constituted 98. 82% of malignant tumors. The incidences of the both types of tumor, were similar in different hospitals. No significant difference was found on the peak ages of different breast diseases anaong the hospitals. 12 781 eases of nonrumorous lesions accounting for 35. 55% for all the eases showed marked differences in age distribution among hospitals, implying that there were different diagnostic criteria for such lesions.