1995年太湖流域东南地区的洪涝灾害

THE 1995 RAINFALL AND FLOOD DISASTER IN THE SOUTHEAST OF TAIHU LAKE BASIN

太湖流域继1991、1993年大水后,1995年东南地区再次遭受大水。太湖最高水位达4.32m,为建国以来的第6位。流域东南地区的浙西、杭嘉湖、淀泖及上海浦东、浦西等地普降大到暴雨,部分地区水位超过大水的1991、1993年,杭嘉湖地区水位超过有记载以来的最高水位。德清水位高达6.43m,超过记载最高水位6.40m;嘉兴水位达4.40m,超记载最高水位的4.38m;王江泾水位高达4.38m,超记载最高水位的4.26m。本文分析了1995年太湖流域东南地区雨情、水情、灾情,并从流域、区域、圩区等多角度分析了洪灾原因及水利工程的减灾作用。进一步说明流域治理必须统筹协调,治理太湖十项骨干工程是一个完整的体系。

After the flood of Taihu Lake Basin in 1991 and 1993, a heavy flood has touched down the southeast of Taihu Lake Basin in 1995. The highest water level of Taihu Station reaches 4-32m, the sixth since 1949, due to heavy rainfall in the Zhexi, Hangjiahu, Dianmao, Shanghai Pudong and Puxi of the southeast of Taihu Lake Basin. Some water levels of the above-mentioned areas were even higher than those in the years of 1991 and 1993. The water level in Deqing, Hangjiahu was 6. 43m, exceeding the highest recorded level(6. 40m). The water level of Jiaxing was 4. 40m, surpassing the highest level recorded (4. 38m). The water level of Wangjiangjing was 4. 38m, also surpassing 4. 26m, the highest level recorded. The situations of the rainfall, flood and damages caused by flood in the southeast of Taihu Lake Basin, 1995 are presented in detail. From the viewpoint of the basin, region and cofferdam, the causes of flood disaster in 1995 and the functions of water conservancy projects in the process of flood prevention and mitigation are comprehensively analysed. It is further noticed that the basin control must be harmonized and the ten key projects of Taihu Lake Basin are a united system.