城市供水供给模式和收费

Urban water supply pattern and its charging

城市供水供给模式的选择要遵循其具有的经济属性。城市供水具有不完全的非竞争性和排他性,还具有巨大的正外部性,是一种典型的准公共物品。实践中城市供水消费的竞争性和明显的外部经济性决定了私人生产、混合供给是城市供水理想的供给方式。在这一模式中,要根据市场原则向消费者收取水费,而在水价制定和计量方法上,阶梯式计量水价和季节性水价是一种灵活而有效的方法。

The pattern of urban water - supplying must accord with its economical attribute. Urban water - supplying is a typical quasi - public goods because of having incomplete non -rivalness and excludability and immense positive externality. The rivalness and obvious positive externality of urban water - supplying in practice decides that the private - sector producing and private - public sector unitedly supplying is the ideal supplying pattern. In this ideal pattern, the provider of urban water - supplying must take the water fees toward the consumer according to the market principle , and stairs - type water price and seasonal water prices is a kind of vivid but valid methods in how to establish water price and measure the consumed water.