蘖穗肥氮素配比对水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of the Ratio of Tiller to Panicle Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency

在江苏沿江地区,以迟熟中粳品种通育粳1号为材料,研究了270 kg/hm2施氮量、有机氮肥占比40%作基肥施用情况下,分蘖肥和穗肥氮素配比对水稻产量、稻米品质及其氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:生育前期氮肥(蘖肥)比例提高,单位面积穗数增加,每穗粒数减少。在早施分蘖肥情况下,产量以蘖肥占比20%>10%>30%;蘖肥和穗肥不同配比对糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白率等品质指标的影响差异不显著,不同处理间的稻米直链淀粉含量存在较大差异,稻米蛋白质含量随穗肥比例提高而增加,当穗肥占50%时,稻米淀粉RVA谱出现显著变化,主要表现为峰值粘度降低、崩解值减少、消解值增大和糊化温度提高;大田促蘖和保蘖肥各占10%、促花占30%、保花占10%时,有利于协调水稻产量和稻米品质,同时具有较高的氮素利用率。

In Riparian Region of Jiangsu,with a late medium rice cultivar Tongyujing 1 as the testing material,under the condition of the total amount of nitrogen application being 270 kg/hm^2 and the ratio of organic nitrogen being 40% as base fertilizer, effects of the ratio of tiller to panicle nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency were studied. The results showed that （1）panicles number per unit area increased, grain number per panicles reduced with raising the proportion of N （tiller-fertilizer） amount early growth stage. Yield improved with the ratio of tiller-fertilize being 20% 2〉 10 % 〉 30 % when used tiller- fertilizer early. （2） there were no significant differences from quality characteristics （ brown rice rate and milled rice rate and head milled rice rate and chalky percentage ） affected by the ratio of tiller to panicle nitrogen fertilizer, and the grain amylose content changed largely in different treatment, the grain protein content increased with raising the ratio of panicle-fertilizer. When the ratio of panicle-fertilize is 50%, grain starch RVA profiles changed significantly with vis- cosity decreased, breakdown is reduced and setback raised and pasting temperature improved. （3） When the N fertilizer management with tilling-promoting,tilling-protecting ：spikelet-promoting： spikeleto- protecting=10%： 10%： 30%： 10%,rice yield and quality will be well coordinated and had high nitrogen utilization efficiency.