中原油田洒落原油对地下水污染的研究

Pollution of groundwater by scattered oil in Zhongyuan oil field

洒落石油对地下水的污染主要分布在井下作业频繁的采油井井场内。在原油污染中心地带,表层土壤受污染最重,边缘地带稍轻;原油组分中非饱和烃运移能力最强;在天然条件下,原油污染物自然降解率较小;在污染区内,包气带中油污染向下运移并不与表层油污染浓度成正比。油污染在包气带中迁移受油污染浓度大小的控制,当石油污染物的浓度大于近似残余饱和度,污染物向下迁移,对地下水产生污染。

The phenomenon of spilled petroleum polluting groundwater exist mainly in oil extraction well site where borehole operation is very frequently. Topsoil is polluted severely and borderland is lighter in heartland of polluted crude oil. The shift ability of the non-saturate hydrocarbon in crude oil＇s component is strongest; the natural degradation ratio of crude oil contaminant is low in native conditions, and in damageing zone, crudeoil contaminant in aeration zone shift down but isn＇t proportional to concentration of crude oil contaminant in cover layer. Crude oil contaminant shift in aeration zone and is controlled by concentration of crude oil contaminant, contaminant shall shift down and pollute groundwater when concentration of crude oil contaminant has exceeded the approximate remnant saturation degree.