重评福泽谕吉的儒学观与“脱亚论”

Fukuzawa Yukichi's View of Confucianism and "Abandoning Asia"

通常那种将福泽谕吉看做“脱亚入欧”之先驱,认为他要从政治、经济、思想、文化等一切领域脱离“亚细亚”之观点,是在对福泽思想进行全面考察,或者至少是在对其与“脱亚论”有着密切关系的儒学观进行综合考察后得出的结论吗?看来不是的。因为只要对福泽的儒学观略加考察就不难发现,它与“现代新儒家”之代表人物杜维明的观点竟是如此相近:杜氏将儒学分为“孔孟之道”与“封建之遗毒”,福泽则将之分为“周公孔子之教”与“腐败之余毒”。福泽所竭力排斥的是毒而非教,对于“周公孔子之教”不仅无非难之词,反而亟称其作为道德人伦之标准应当敬重。因此,福泽的“脱亚”主要是指摆脱业已腐朽的、儒教式的政治体制而决非整个东亚文化;所谓“入欧”,也只是要导入其科学技术而非主张包括道德人伦内在的全面欧化,他对于“开化先生”的辛辣嘲讽便是有力的证明。

Fukuzawa Yukichi is known as a pioneer in the idea of abandoning Asia and accepting Western ideas which is put forth in his work Datsu-A Ron or Abandoning Asia.In this work,Fukuzawa stated that Asia should abandon its political,economical,philosophical and cultural factors.One might regard this work as Fukuzawa's comprehensive examination of Confucian ideas.In fact,this work might be more closely related to his own ideas of Confucianism.Fukuzawa's ideas of Confucianism,also considered to be Modern New Confucianism,is closely related to a very famous and representative Confucian scholar of the day,Professor DU Weiming(杜维明).Fukuzawa distinguished the essence of Confucianism(周公孔子の教) and poison of feudalism(腐GFDA4の余毒).Though one might consider his writing as a slight criticism of Professor DU,it might be important to realize the significance of his standard of morals represented in this work.Therefore,Fukuzawa's idea of 'abandoning Asia' refers to the abandoning of the carrion Confucian political structure as opposed to a complete abandonment of all that of Asia and its ever so important culture.