中学数学能力性别差异研究述评

A Survey of the Study of the Middle School Students' Sexuality Differences in Mathematics Ability

数学能力性别差异研究对于教材、教法以及课程改革都有十分重要的指导意义。国内外众多学者对数学能力性别差异问题进行了大量的实证研究,一致认为数学学习上存在着性别差异,差异随着年级的升高(例如中学阶段)逐渐增大,特别是高认知水平上的数学学习,男生的优势更加明显。经研究表明,产生性别差异的主要原因包括:心理差异是形成数学能力性别差异的心理机制;社会环境对数学能力性别差异产生潜移默化的影响;教育的影响决定了数学能力性别差异的存在;评价观念的差异是数学能力差异存在的直接原因。

Sexuality lifferences in mathematical abilities have very important direct significance to teaching materials, teaching methods and course reform. Many researches have been performed on the issue of gender differences in mathematical abilities, and scholars agree that there are gender differences in mathematics learning ,which will become greater along with the students＇ increasing grades （for example, the middle school students）, and especially in the high cognition -level mathematics study,the male student＇s superiority becomes more obvious. The researches have shown the following main reasons for the sexuality differences：the psychological differences lead to psychological mechanism of the sexuality differences in the mathematics abilities;the social environment has the influence on sexuality differences;the educafional influence has decided the existence of sexuality differences ; the difference in evaluations is the direct reason of sexuality differences.