基于有限元理论的轮胎刚度特性的仿真研究

The Simulation of tire's stiffness characteristics using finite element model

分析了轮胎静、动态刚度的形成机理,探讨了轮胎刚度和变形之间的关系。建立了轮胎的三维非线性有限元模型,用ANSYS软件的非线性分析技术对子午线轮胎进行了有限元分析。为控制网格划分的密度与质量,采用数字化轮廓技术,在UG软件中绘制轮胎断面曲线,将离散化后的曲线信息导入有限元分析软件ANSYS中。建模时充分考虑了橡胶材料的超弹性和各向异性,材料模型采用Mooney-Rivlin橡胶材料。探讨了如何利用轮胎的有限元分析结果得到轮胎的刚度特性,建立了在侧向力作用下,轮胎有限元模型中相关节点的位移与轮胎侧偏角关系的数学模型。将计算结果和试验结果进行了比较,验证了理论计算结果的可靠性。

The overall objective of this study is to discuss the stiffness characteristic of tires. The relationship between the stiffness characteristics and the deflection of tires was built. In this study, a detailed finite element model of a radial tire was constructed for the prediction of stiffness characteristics. The strategies of solving computational cost were proposed. A procedure was introduced for the simple and accurate determination of tire cross-sectional geometric characteristics. The nonlinear mechanical properties of the elastomer were modeled by the Mooner-Rivilin model and the corresponding material constants of elastomers were obtained by experiment. The model of the relationship between the slip angle and tire deformation was constructed. The calculated results are compared with the experimental results and it shows that the model reliability is fairly good.