1Paihlman L, Glimelius B. Pre- or postoperative radiotherapy in rectal and rectosigmoid carcinoma. Report from a randomized multieentre trial[J]. Ann Surg, 1990,211 : 187-195.
2Glimelius B,Gronberg H,Jarhult J,et al. A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in rectal cancer [J].Acta Oncol, 2003,42(5-6):476-492.
3Camma C, Giunta M, Fiorica F, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy for reseetable rectal cancer: a meta-analysis [J].JAMA, 2000,284:1008-1015.
4Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CAM, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2001,345:638-646.
5Roh MS, Petrelli N, Weiand H, et al. Phase Ⅲ randomized trial of preoperative versus postoperative multimodality therapy in patients with carcinoma of the rectum (NSABP R-03)[J]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 2001,20: 123.
6Sauer R, Fietkau R, Wittekind C, et al. Adjuvant versus neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer[J]. Strahlenther Onkol, 2001,177:173-181.
7Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2004,351:1731-1740.
8Hyams DM, Mamounas EP, Petrelli N, et al. A clinical trial to evaluate the worth of preoperative multimodality thera py in patients with operable carcinoma of the rectum: a progress report of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol R-03[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1997,40(2):131-139.
9Francois Y, Nemoz C J, Baulieux J, et al. Influence of the interval between preoperative radiation therapy and surgery on downstaging and the rate of sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer: the Lyon R90-01 randomized trial[J]. J Clin Oncol,1999,17(8):2396-2402.
1Marks J,Karachristes A,Marks G,et al.Neoadjurant therapy in rectal cancer patients peraits conversion from permanent colostomy to sphineter-preservation surgery.Proc ASCO,2002 21:168a,Abst 670.
2Wong SJ,Sadasiwan C,Erickson B,et al.A phase Ⅱ trial of preoperative capecitabine and concurrent radiation for locally advanced rectal cancer.Proc ASCO,2004,23:312,Abst 3771.
3Gunderson LL,Sargent DJ,Tepper JE,et al.Impact of T and N stage and treatment on Survival and relapse in adjuvant cancer:A pooled analysis.J Clin Oncot,2004,22(10):1785-1796.
4Roh MS,Colangelo L,asieand S,et al.Response to preoperative multimodality therapy predicts survival in patients with carcinoma of the rectum.Proc ASCO,2004,23:247,Abst 3505.
5Dupuic O,Vie B LIdeo G,et al.Capecitabine (X) chemoradiation(CRT) in the preoperative treatment of patients (pts) with rectal adenocarcinoma:A phase Ⅱ GERCOR Trial.Proc ASCO,2004,23:255,Abst 3538.
6De Paoli A,Chiara S,Luppi G,et al.A phase Ⅱ study of capecitabline (CAP) and preoperative radiation therapy(RT)in reseatable locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).Proc ASCO,2004,23:255,Abst 3540.
7Mitchell EP,Winter K,Mohiuddin M,et al.Randomiged phase Ⅱ trail of preoperative combined modality chemoradiation for distal rectal cancer.Proc ASCO,2004,23:254,Abst 3535.
8Scott N,Jackson P,Al-Jaberi T,et al.Total mesorectal excision and local recurrence:a study of lumor spread in the mesorectum distal to rectal cancer.Br J Surg,1995,82:1031-1033.
5Parkin DM. Global cancer statistics in the year 2000. Lancet Oncol, 2001:533-543.
6You W, Jin F, Gridley G, et al. Trends in colorectal cancer rates in urban Shanghai, 1972-1996, in relation to dietary changes. Ann Epidemiol, 2000, 10:469.
7Zhang YL, Zhang ZS, Wu BP, et al. Early diagnosis for colorectal cancer in China. World J Gastroenterol, 2002,8 : 21- 25.
8Abulafi AM, Williams NS. Local recurrence of colorectal cancer :The problem, mechanisms, management and adjuvant therapy. Br J Surg, 1994,81:7-19.
9Jones B, Dale RG. The potential for mathematical modeling in the assessment of the radiation dose equivalent of eytotoxie chemotherapy given concomitantly with radiotherapy. Br J Radiol, 2005,78 : 939-944.
10Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in respectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 2002, 33 : 980-987.
