美国教师教育中的服务学习

Service-learning in Teacher Education in America

自20世纪90年代初开始,服务学习在美国的教师教育中得以广泛开展。美国教师教育中的服务学习在课程设置上有独立设计课程、融入其他课程、融入教育实习之中、设置辅修专业以及纳入社团活动等类型;在实施上分为课程说明、调查需求、拟定计划、培训知能、实施服务、开展反思、评鉴与庆贺等步骤;在价值上,能够对职前教师的社会责任感、专业服务精神、教育教学理论和技能以及个性发展、生涯规划和参与教育改革的意愿等产生积极的影响。

Since the beginning of the 1990s, service learning has being evolved in an extended development in teacher education in America. The curriculum design of service learning in teacher education in America has several types, including independent curriculum, integrating into other curriculums and education practicum, minors and combining with the society activities. On the implementation, it is divided into several steps such as curriculum instructions,investigating demands,planning,teaching knowledge and skills,providing service,reviewing,making assessment and congratulating. On the values, it makes a positive affection to the prospective teachers on the social responsibilities, the professional spirit, the teaching theories and skills, the personal development, career plans and the desire for the education reforms.