“稻-蛛-螺”种养生态调控复合模式的综合效益研究

Integrative Benefits of the Culturable Model “ Rice Plant-Spider-Snail” on Ecological Management for Pests in the Rice-based Ecosystem

通过对全国稻田蜘蛛地理区系分布特点、群落结构和功能的多年研究,结合湖南岳阳君山实施的稻田生物灾害生态调控大田示范实验,提出了“稻-蛛-螺”种养生态调控复合模式.本模式采用“保蛛控虫,养螺灭草肥田,辅以高效生物农药控制爆发性害虫”等主要配套措施.2002～2003年在岳阳君山区示范试验结果表明:采取“以蛛控虫、养螺灭草”的主要措施,调控田化学农药用量降低了65%,土壤和稻谷的甲胺磷含量均低于化防田,但物种多样性指数明显高于化防田,能有效地保护稻区的生物多样性;调控田的杂草群落由于南美螺的啃食而显著低于化防田,同时由于螺的大量排泄物可以补充作物生长发育所需要的营养,无需追肥,降低了化肥用量;因实施了种养立体化,调控田的土地生产率、产值利税率、农副产品商品率和纯收入均高于化防田.

A new cuhurable model ＂rice plant-spider-snail＂on ecological management for pests in paddyfield of Hunan, China was reported. This model was created based on the study on the distribution charater of spider fauna, the structure and function of spiders community for many years. The main collocate measures which included protecting the spiders to control the pest insects, keeping the snails（ Ampullias gigas） to eat weed and use their egesta to fertilize rice-plant, withal assist with the effective biological pesticide to control the outbreak of pests were adopted in the model. The test was put in practice in the rice-field of Yueyang, Hunan province, China during 2002 - 2003. The results showed that the dosage of pesticide decrease by 65%, and the content of rudimental pesticide in the soil and the paddy is lower in the trial field than that in the chemical control field, but the index of species diversity is obviously higher in the trial field than that in the chemical control field. It means this model can protect the biodiversity of the paddy area. The weed community is lower significantly in the trial field than that in the chemical control field, for the snail eating them. It is unnecessary to add chemical fertilizer for the plentiful excrement of snail supplying the nutrition that the crop needed; For stereo-culture is applied, agricultural benefit in the integrative regulation fields is much higher than that in the chemical control fields.