资源型城市创建生态市的和谐模式研究——以铜陵生态市规划为例

On the harmonious mode to transform resource-based cities into eco-cities:A case study of the eco-city planning of Tongling

当前,我国已迈入工业化中期的快速发展阶段,对资源、能源的需求更加旺盛,资源型城市在国家的社会经济生活中占有至关重要的地位。但是,由于面临着资源逐步萎缩后社会经济何去何从的重大挑战,因此资源型城市创建生态市将直接影响到我国可持续发展战略的实施。在分析了资源型城市的特点(即对资源的开发利用既是其社会经济发展之本,也是其生态环境问题之源)的基础上,不失一般性地提出了资源型城市创建生态市的和谐模式。从生态学的视角出发,笔者认为和谐既是一种关系,也是一种方式,更是一种机制,它是一种模式,是生态市的本质。资源型城市创建生态市的和谐模式是通过创新和谐的城市管理机制,推动和谐的城市管理方式建设,营造和谐的城市内部关系,保证实现城市持续健康地发展,其中和谐的关系是基础,和谐的方式是核心,而和谐的机制则是保障。在和谐模式的理论框架下,本文探讨了资源型城市铜陵的生态市创建之路。通过调整城市空间结构要素之间的关系、三次产业之间的关系、经济效益与环境资源消耗之间的关系、资源的开发、利用与保护之间的关系、城市的管理部门之间的关系、社会经济和生态环境之间的关系,营造和谐的城市内部关系;通过转变经济运行方式、建设循环经济,转变社会文明方式、培育生态文化,建设和谐的城市运行方式;通过建设绿色核算体系核心,构建生态市创建的长效机制,保证铜陵生态市的建设持续健康地发展下去。

With the rapid economic development in now day＇s China, the demands of resources and energy raise greatly, which lead to the crucial role that resource-based cities play in national social economic life. Facing the urgent challenge to ＂what is the future of the resource-based cities when they are in lack of their resources？ ＂to transform resources-based cities into eco-cities is a promising solution, which is directly influencing the implement of sustainable development strategy of China in the future. Based on the case study of Tongling, this paper analyzed the critical blocks in the way of resource-based cities＇ sustainable development, namely the exploration of the natural resources is both the base of the social economic development and environmental problems, brought forward the harmonious mode of building eco-city for those resource-based cities. In the view of the ecology, authors suggested that harmony refer to not only relationship and mode, but also mechanism. In other words, harmony is the essence of eco-city. For resource-based cities, the harmonious mode to build eco-cities is to cultivate harmonious relationships between city inner factors, to motivate harmonious mode of city progress, and further to innovate harmonious mechanism of city governance to guard city sustainable development. Among the three levels, harmonious relationship is the base, harmonious mode is the essence and the mechanism is the guarantee. Finally, on the above three levels, the harmonious mode of building eco-city for resources- based cities was applied to guide Tongling eco-city planning. On the level of city inner relationships, it was planned to adjust and optimize the spatial distribution of city structure elements, the proportion within primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry, the relationship between economic returns and resources consumption, the relationship between exploitation and protection of nature resources, the relationship between different municipal administrative departments, the relationship between society, economy and eco-environment. On the level of city progress mode, it was suggested to transform the mode of economic progress by building circulation economy, transform the mode of cultural progress by cultivating ecological culture. On the level of mechanism of city governance, it is emphasized to transform national economic accounting system into green type, aiming at guarding the sustainable building of Tongling eco-city.