金银花叶细胞中元素含量与其生境的生物地球化学研究

Biogeochemical Effect on the Element Contents in the Leaves of Two Species of Flos Lonicerae

利用电子探针技术定量分析了同一生境中2种不同种质金银花叶细胞中元素的质量百分比(wt%)和原子数百分比(At%),进而探讨土壤元素背景特征与植物细胞水平上元素含量的相互关系。结果表明,在石灰土壤的不同层次,土壤元素有效态和有效率顺序基本为Ca>Mg>Cu>Mn>K>Na>P>B>SiO2>Zn>Fe;受生境生物地球化学特征的影响,生长在该区的2种金银花叶细胞中的元素含量均表现出Ca多Mg少,并且P在叶细胞内的含量仅次于Ca的现象。石灰土壤中的Ca主要在蒸腾拉力作用下进入金银花体内,通过积累效应造成Ca在叶细胞中含量较高,从而使其与土壤中该元素的含量呈显出正相关性。而金银花在吸收利用Ca元素时,还通过元素间的拮抗作用或协同作用影响其他元素在植物叶细胞内的含量,进而影响金银花的质量及有效成分的积累。

This study aimed to evaluate the biogeochemical effect of Karst environment on the element contents in the plant cells. The element contents in soil were analyzed and the weight and atom percent of elements （wt% and At%） in the leaves of two different species of Flos Lonicerae were analyzed by the electron probe. The results showed that the total element contents in soil of different layers were in the order： SiO2〉Fe〉Ca〉Mg〉K〉Na〉Mn〉P〉Zn〉B〉Cu. The labile content of elements were in the order： Ca〉Mg〉Cu〉Mn〉 K〉Na〉 P〉B〉SiO2〉Zn〉Fe. It indicates that the Karst environment is composed of soluble rock, scarce in soil and rich in calcium. Moreover, the mobility and availability of elements can be reflected by their coefficient variability. According to statistical results, Ca, Mn and P in the Karst soil had high coefficient varlability.Results from the electron probe showed that the Ca content was highest while the Mg content is lowest in the cell of two different species of Flos Lonicerae （r=-0.156,P〈0.05） and the P content in the cell is only inferior to that of Ca （r=0.868 ,P〈0.01）. The Ca content in plant cell was significantly associated with the soil Ca content. Ca is mainly absorbed by plant with the help of transpiration and accumulated in the cell, which becomes the highest element in the cell. Under the accumulation of Ca in the plant cell, it will affect the absorbency and the content of other elements in the cell of Flos Lonicerae. As a result, the content of other elements in the Flos Lonicerae appears different because of synergistic action and antagonistic action, and affects its quality.