农业生产组织结构的类型与现代农业发展的选择

The Types of Farming Organization Structure and the Option of Modern Agriculture

按照农户在农业生产中的结合方式不同,可以将农业生产组织结构分为三种不同的类型:市场型、层级型以及市场与层级力量相互作用的混合型组织结构。由于在现代农业中,组织化程度高的农户在降低资产专用性程度、实现规模经济、促进农业技术进步、加快市场化进程以及促进农业可持续发展方面具有极大的优势,因而合作是现代农业发展中的一个必然趋势;但同时,农业生产又具有自我雇佣的优势,因而又适宜于家庭经营。两方面的因素决定了在现代农业中采用分散的市场型组织结构和紧密型的层级组织结构都不是农业生产组织的最优选择,混合型组织结构是农业发展中微观组织结构创新的必然选择。

According to the ways that farmers associate with each other in agriculture, there are three different kinds of farming organization structure： market type, hierarchical type and mixed type. In the modern agriculture, the organized farmers have great advantages on debasing the degree of assets specialty, achieving the economy of scale, hoisting the level of agro technique, quickening the speed of marketization, and helping to achieve the sustainable development of agriculture. So combination is an inevitable trend. But farming has another advantage, that is, the self-employment. This determines that household management is the most suitable way for farming. The interaction between the two forces will reveal that both market type and hierarchical type are not the optimum choice. Only the mixed type is the inevitable option for modern agriculture.