小单孢菌及其产生的次级生物活性代谢产物

Micromonospora spp.and their secondary bioactive metabolites

原核微生物小单孢菌产生了740多个生物活性物质。化学结构类型多样,生物活性各异,主要为抗生素和一些人体酶抑制剂。小单孢菌不但能产生链霉菌产生的抗生素化学类型而且还有其独到之处。最受人重视的抗生素是庆大霉素、最主要的特征是产生氨基糖苷类抗生素和大环内酯类抗生素。福建省微生物研究所自20世纪60年代成功研发庆大霉素之后不间断地从我国各地水生环境中分离到多种抗生素、几种酶抑制剂和其他生物活性物质。本文还阐述近年来国外在小单孢菌中发现的一些有实用价值和有前途的微生物新药物,特别是烯二炔类抗肿瘤抗生素。

More than 740 secondary bioactive metabolites mainly in antibiotics and enzyme inhibitors, were produced by Micromonospora. These products have chemical and biological diversity. A very important commercial antibiotic produced by Micromonospora was gentamicin, it was found that production of aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics by the microorganisms was most characteristic. During the past 40 years in our lab, screening for new secondary bioactive metabolites from Micromonospora isolated from aquatic environments in China had led to the discoveries of several known valuable antibiotics and some enzyme inhibitors. Recently a number of valuable drugs and promising enediyne antibiotics by the genus Micromonospora which were published by others were described.