福建野生紫芝资源的开发利用Ⅰ.硬孔灵芝

Exploitation and utilization of wild Zhizi resource in Fujian Ⅰ.Ganoderma duropora(Sect.Phaeonema)

驯化成功一种福建野生紫芝,并获得—个适于推广栽培的菌株紫芝S2(黑).采用扫描电镜观察紫芝S2(黑)显微结构,其担孢子形态结构与紫芝相似,大小为6.84-7.37μm×10.26-11.05μm;在其子实层发现一种带小梗(长约1μm)的球形小孢子(直径约2μm),表面有刺毛状纹饰.经鉴定确认紫芝S2(黑)为灵芝亚属紫芝组的硬孔灵芝(Ganoserma duropo-raLloyd),标本号为HAMS 95275.采用阔叶树边材栽培紫芝S2(黑)菌株,当年栽培产量可达22.03?24.10 kg.m-3,平均可达23.15 kg.m-3;2004-2005年大面积推广应用获得成功,累计栽培2777.29 m3,收获干芝总量达64.3 t.采用超声波循环提取、真空浓缩、高速离心喷雾干燥将其子实体加工成浸膏粉,产品检测结果表明,产品中水分、粗蛋白、多糖及灰分含量分别为4.4%、19.1%、36.2%和7.16%,其重金属元素Pb(<0.5μg.g-1)、As(0.68μg.g-1)、Hg(0.011μg.g-1)、Cd(0.44μg.g-1)的含量较低,达到药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准(WM2-2001)限量要求.采用超声波循环提取技术从子实体提取分离得到总多糖,气相色谱分析表明其单糖组成为阿拉伯糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖,摩尔比为0.39∶4.48∶1,以甘露糖为主.

A wild resource of Ganoderma （ Sect. Phaeonema in Subgen. ） in Fujian was successfully domesticated, and the strain S2 （Hei） suitable for popularization was obtained. The micro-morphology was observed by sacnning electron microscpe （SEM）, the basdiospores were similar to Ganoderma sinense with a size of 6.84-7.37×10.26 -11.05μn. In addition, a kind of globoid spore （about 2μm in diameter） was first observed in the hymenium, with a little peduncle（ about 1μm in length） and acanthoid appendix around the surface. S2 （Hei） was officially identified as G. duropora Lloyd. with exemplar number HAMS 95275. The strain S2 （Hei） has been applied and popularized for log-cultivation with laburnum on a massive scale in 2004 and 2005. The yield （ in primary year） could reach 22.03-24.10 kg·m^-3,22.03 kg·m^-3 in average. And the cultivated quantity and the total yield were respectively 2777.3 m^3（mycelia-colonized woodlogs , 1 m^3 equal to 1100 kg） and 64301 kg （dry fruitbodies）. The fruitbodies were processed into extract powder by circulating-extraction with ultrasonic wave, concentrating under sub-vacuum condition and highspeed centrifugal spray-dry. The analytic results showed that content of moisture, crude protein, total polysaccharide and ash in the extract powder were 4.4%, 19.1% ,36.2% and 7.64% respectively, while the content of heavy metal elememts Pb, As, Cd and Hg were low （ 〈0.5, 0.68, 0.011 and 0.44μg·g^-1 respectively）, which coincided with hygienic standard Green Trade Standards of Importing ＆ Exporting Medicinal Plants ＆ Preparations （WM2 -2001 ）. The polysaccharide of the fruitbodies was extracted by ultrasonic circulating technique, and the major monosaccharide in the polysaccharide was glucose, mannose and galactose with a molar ratio of 0.39： 4.48：1 by gas chromatography analysis.