广东澄海市4-12岁儿童睡眠习惯及其影响因素

The Sleep Habits of Children 4 to 12 Years Old in Guangdong

目的：了解4-12岁儿童的平均睡眠时间、睡眠习惯、睡眠问题的发生率及其影响因素。方法：采用儿童睡眠习惯问卷（The Children＇s Sleep Habits Questionnaire，CSHQ）及自编的一般情况调查问卷就727例4-12岁儿童的睡眠状况对家长进行调查。结果：4-12岁儿童的平均睡眠时间为9．6±0．9小时，4-6岁组睡眠时间为10．6±0．8小时，7-9岁组睡眠时间为9．9±0．9小时，10-12岁组睡眠时间为9．2±0．9小时（P〈0．05）。睡眠习惯问卷总分平均为36．8±13．6，睡眠问题的发生率为31．0％；儿童睡眠紊乱量表总分及睡眠总时间无男女差别（P〉0．05）；各年龄组间（4-6岁组，7-9岁组，10-12岁组）各因子得分及总分（总分分别为42．4±14．1、34．9±12、31．8±12）有明显差异（P〈0．05）；睡眠习惯问卷得分与年龄、家庭平均月收入及学习压力等因素有关（r分别为：-0．35、-0．18及0．12；P〈0．05）。居住地在城市、县城、乡镇和农村的儿童CSHQ得分（年龄构成比标准化后）分别为33．4±12．1、35．0±10．7、38．9±14．0及42．1±14．5（F=67．9，df=3，P〈0．001）。结论：儿童的睡眠状况无性别差异；儿童睡眠问题的发生率较高，年龄越小，睡眠问题情况越明显；农村儿童的睡眠质量较城市的要差，低收入家庭儿童的睡眠质量较高收入家庭儿童的要差。

Objective： To understand the sleep duration, sleep habits, the prevalence rate of sleep problem and its related factors on the children range from 4 to 12 years old. Methods： The parents of 727 children range from 4 to 12 years old were asked to answer The Children＇s Sleep Habits Questionnaire （CSHQ） and the general information forms, which were used to rate their children. Results： The average sleep time on bed of the children was 9. 6±0. 9 hours, with no difference between males and females. The total scores of CSHQ were 36. 8±13.6, and the prevalence of sleep problem was 31.0%. The total scores of CSHQ among 4-6 years old group, 7-9 years old group and 10-12 years old group were significant different （42. 4±14. 1, 34. 9±12. 31.8±12, respectively ; P 〈0. 05 ） . And the total scores of CSHQ were related to the age, monthly income and study pressure （r=-0. 35, -0.18 and 0. 12, P 〈0. 05 ） . CSHQ score of those living in urban, county, small town and countryside （ age distribution standardized） were 33.4±12.1. 35.0±10.7, 38.9±14.0 and 42.1±4.5 （F=67.9, df=3, P〈0.001） .Conclusion： The prevalence of sleep problem in children range from 4 to 12 years old is very high, but no difference found between males and females. The younger, the higher total scores of CSHQ. The total scores of CSHQ were related to the age, living area, monthly income and study pressure.