人咽鼓管粘膜的超微结构

The Ultrastructure of The Eustachian Tube

本文对19个不同年龄人的咽鼓管粘膜上皮超微结构在扫描电镜下进行观察.咽鼓管粘膜分为鼓室段、峡部及咽段.咽鼓管粘膜上皮由纤毛细胞、无纤毛细胞及杯状细胞组成.位于骨—软骨交界的峡部纤毛细胞密集,鼓室段及咽段逐渐减少.杯状细胞由鼓室段至咽段逐渐增多.纤毛细胞的纤毛向咽侧倾斜.咽段粘膜有皱襞.咽鼓管管壁上1/3多为无纤毛细胞,底及下部为纤毛细胞.从超微结构所见证实咽鼓管顶部系保持中耳内外压平衡.咽鼓段底部存在粘液纤毛输送系统,为主动机制,咽鼓管粘膜防御系统在胚胎时期已开始发育,出生后即建成.

:Ninteen human's Eustachian tube of varied ages were observed under scanning electromicroscope. The mucous membrane of the Eustachian tube were divided into tympanic segment, isthmus and pharyngeal segment. The epithelium of the Eustachian tube is consists of ciliated cells, nonciliated cells and goblet cells. At the bonecartilage junction, there is a large number of ciliated cells, as well as it get diminished at the tympanic segment and pharyngeal segment. The goblet cells is getting increased from the tympanic segment to the pharyngeal segment. The direction of the cilia leaned towards the pharyngeal segment. The folds were present in the pharyngeal segment. Most of the epithelial cells covering the upper one third of the tubal wall were non-ciliated cells, while in the floor and lower parts of the tubal wall were ciliated cells. It has been determined by the SEM, that the upper one third of the Eustachian tube maintain the ventilation of the middle ear. The floor and lower parts of the walls play an important role in providing an active mucociliary mechanism. The defence system of the Eustachian tube mucous membrane have developed during the fetal stage and is well established immediately after birth.