广西黑颈长尾雉对夜宿地的选择

Roost-site Selection of Mrs Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in Guangxi, China

2003年12月、2004年5月和12月、2005年4月,通过野外调查及设置样方的方法对广西金钟山鸟类保护区黑颈长尾雉的夜宿地选择进行了研究。共记录到12个夜宿地,以夜宿树为中心做一个10m×10m和5个1m×1m的样方,记录夜宿树特征(种类、胸径、栖枝高度、栖枝直径、栖枝上方盖度),测量每个样方的11个生境因子(海拔、林型、坡向、坡度、乔木层盖度、灌木层盖度、草本层盖度、距水源距离、距林缘距离、距道路距离和乔木密度);并随机设10个对照点,测量相同的生境因子。结果表明,黑颈长尾雉夜宿地主要位于阔叶林中,一般,夜间在乔木上休息,一树栖息一只,也有2—3只同宿一树。黑颈长尾雉选择有一定坡度、林下灌木和草本较少以及在森林内部远离林缘并且乔木密度较大的地方作为夜宿地,其夜栖树主要为生境内的中等大小的阔叶树,栖枝直径约为2·5—4cm,栖处高度为2—5m,黑颈长尾雉夜宿地的选择与距水源距离的远近无关。影响黑颈长尾雉夜宿地选择的因素依次为:位置及林下植被、栖枝、天气。影响黑颈长尾雉夜宿地选择的最终原因可能是安全、舒适和栖息地转换的方便程度。

A study on roost-site selection of Mrs Hume＇s Pheasant （Syrmaticus humiae） was conducted in Jinzhongshan Bird Natural Nature Reserve, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with transect and plot sampling approaches in Dec. 2003, May and Dec. 2004, and Apr. 2005. During the study, 12 roost-sites were found and we recorded 5 parameters about the roost-tree, including ： tree species and diameter at breast height, roost size, height and upper cover; and 11 parameters about the habitat, including： vegetation type, elevation, slope orientation, slope degree, tree density, coverage of canopy, shrub and herb, distance to water source, forest edge and road. Also we randomly sampled 10 non-roost sites as the control measuring. The results showed： 1 ） The pheasant preferred broadleaf forest with good canopy as its roast-site; 2） The size of the roosts is 2.5 - 4 cm in diameter and the roosting places are usually 2 - 5 m above the ground; 3） Most of the pheasants roosted in a tree alone with few occasions in which 2 or 3 individuals were sleeping in one tree. The variance analysis showed that the roost-sites are significantly associated with slope, coverage of canopy, shrub and herb, distance of forest edge and tree density but not the distance of water source. The pheasants are likely to roost in places with steep slope, open ground and dense forest deep in the forest. With principal component analysis it was found that the pheasant＇s roost-site selection is sequentially associated with location, shrub/herb coverage, roost size and weather. We believed that safety, comfort and foraging convenience are the three key considerations for the pheasant＇s roost-site selection. Therefore protecting broadleaf forest would greatly benefit the pheasant species.