兔变应性鼻炎模型的建立及其鼻黏膜组织学观察

Establishment of Rabbit Model of Allergic Rhinitis and Histological Observation of Nasal Mucosa

目的建立一种可靠简便的变应性鼻炎模型,观察鼻黏膜组织病理学和免疫组织化学的变化。方法用10%甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)橄榄油溶液缓慢滴入每侧鼻腔0.1ml,每天1次,连续7d致敏。末次致敏后隔日于每侧鼻腔缓慢滴入10%TDI橄榄油溶液0.1ml激发,共激发15次,每次激发后观察兔的症状和体征,末次激发后次日将兔处死,并取鼻黏膜进行组织病理学和免疫组化观察。结果TDI致敏后,模型组兔均出现典型变应性鼻炎症状和体征,病理检查可见鼻黏膜水肿,血管扩张,固有层内可见散在或灶性以嗜酸性粒细胞为主的炎症细胞浸润,鼻黏膜P物质表达增强及数量增加,染色加深。结论用10%TDI橄榄油溶液缓慢滴入每侧鼻腔法,建立兔变应性鼻炎模型,制作简便、可靠、成功率高、死亡低,其体征、病理学变化和P物质免疫反应明显,类似于人类相应疾病的临床症状和病变,可作为进行变应性鼻炎研究和药物筛选的理想模型。

Objective To establish a credible and convenient rabbit model of allergic rhinitis and study the histopathological and immunohistochemistrical change of nasal mucosa. Methods Both sides of nasal cavity in rabbits were instilled with 0.1 ml 10% toluene -2,4-diisocyanate （TDI） olive oil solution one time every day for continuous 7 days; two days after the last instillation, provoke allergic reaction in rabbits through the above mentioned instillation method for 15 times and record the symptoms and physical sign respectively; execute the rabbits day after the last provocation and examine the nasal mucosa for histopathological and immunohistochemistrical changes. Results With the sensitization of TDI, typical allergic rhinitis symptoms and physical sign were observed in experimental rabbits. Pathological examination of nasal mucosa showed obvious edema and vasodilation; scattered or focal infiltrations of inflammatory cells composed of eosinophils mainly were visible on lamina propria; substance P expressed and increased drastically, staining intensified. Conclusion Establishment of rabbit model of allergic rhinitis by instillation with 0.1 ml 10% TDI olive oil solution into both sides of the nasal cavity is proved simple, reliable, and with high success ratio and low mortality. The physical sign, pathological changes and immunological reaction of substance P of rabbit model are comparable to clinical symptoms and pathological changes; this model may be used for the study of allergic rhinitis and drug screening.