河口和沿岸海域生态环境质量综合评价方法评介

Comments on Two Methods for Comprehensive Assessment of Ecological Environment Quality in Estuarine and Coastal Waters

海洋环境管理从以往单纯的海洋污染管理已发展到当前的海洋生态环境综合管理。相应地,海洋环境质量评价也从以往单一的污染状况评价(包括水质、沉积物和生物体)发展到海洋生态环境质量综合评价。重点介绍了2种有代表性并被广泛应用的河口和沿岸海域生态环境质量综合评价方法———欧盟的“生态状况评价综合方法”和美国的“沿岸海域状况综合评价”。比较和评析了2种方法的异同和优缺点。建议尽快建立适合中国河口和沿岸海域特点的海洋生态环境质量综合评价方法以及相应的监测和管理体系。

The marine environmental management has developed from the past marine pollution management to the present comprehensive marine ecological environmental management, and the marine environmental quality assessment has developed from the simple marine pollution assessment to the comprehensive marine environmental quality assessment accordingly. In this paper, two representative methods for comprehensive ecological environmental quality assessment in estuarine and coastal waters are introduced, and they are the overall approaches to classification of ecological status proposed by European Union and the comprehensive coastal condition assessment proposed by U. S. EPA. The similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are analyzed and compared to each other. It is suggested that the comprehensive marine ecological environmental quality assessment methods and relevant monitoring and management systems suitable to the characteristics of Chinese estuarine and coastal waters shall be established as soon as possible.